Wang Min, Masoudi Abolfazl, Wang Can, Zhao Liqiang, Yang Jia, Yu Zhijun, Liu Jingze
Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jul 26;15:1391193. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391193. eCollection 2024.
While afforestation mitigates climate concerns, the impact of afforestation on ecological assembly processes and multiple soil functions (multifunctionality) in afforested areas remains unclear. The Xiong'an New Area plantation forests ( and forests) in North China were selected to examine the effects of plantation types across four distinct seasons on soil microbiomes. Three functional categories (nutrient stocks, organic matter decomposition, and microbial functional genes) of multifunctionality and the average (net) multifunctionality were quantified. All these categories are directly related to soil functions. The results showed that net soil multifunctionality as a broad function did not change seasonally, unlike other narrow functional categories. Bacterial communities were deterministically (variable selection and homogenous selection) structured, whereas the stochastic process of dispersal limitation was mainly responsible for the assembly and turnover of fungal and protist communities. In forests, winter initiates a sudden shift from deterministic to stochastic processes in bacterial community assembly, accompanied by decreased Shannon diversity and heightened nutrient cycling (nutrient stocks and organic matter decomposition). This indicates the potential vulnerability of deterministic assembly to seasonal fluctuations, particularly in environments rich in nutrients. The results predicted that protist community composition was uniquely structured with C-related functional activities relative to bacterial and fungal β-diversity variations, which were mostly explained by seasonal variations. Our study highlighted the importance of the protist phagocytosis process on soil microbial interactions through the predicted impact of protist α-diversity on microbial cooccurrence network parameters. This association might be driven by the high abundance of protist consumers as the main predators of bacterial and fungal lineages in our sampling plots. Our findings reveal that the complexity of microbial co-occurrence interactions was considerably higher in spring, perhaps attributing thermal variability and increased resource availability within spring that foster microbial diversity and network complexity. This study contributes to local ecosystem prospects to model the behavior of soil biota seasonally and their implied effects on soil functioning and microbial assembly processes, which will benefit global-scale afforestation programs by promoting novel, precise, and rational plantation forests for future environmental sustainability and self-sufficiency.
虽然造林缓解了气候问题，但造林对造林地区生态组装过程和多种土壤功能（多功能性）的影响仍不明确。选择中国北方的雄安新区人工林（和森林）来研究不同种植类型在四个不同季节对土壤微生物群落的影响。对多功能性的三个功能类别（养分储量、有机质分解和微生物功能基因）以及平均（净）多功能性进行了量化。所有这些类别都与土壤功能直接相关。结果表明，作为一种广泛功能的土壤净多功能性不像其他狭义功能类别那样随季节变化。细菌群落是确定性（可变选择和同质选择）构建的，而扩散限制的随机过程主要负责真菌和原生生物群落的组装和周转。在森林中，冬季引发了细菌群落组装从确定性过程到随机过程的突然转变，同时伴随着香农多样性的降低和养分循环（养分储量和有机质分解）的增强。这表明确定性组装对季节性波动的潜在脆弱性，特别是在养分丰富的环境中。结果预测，相对于细菌和真菌的β多样性变化，原生生物群落组成与碳相关功能活动具有独特的结构，而细菌和真菌的β多样性变化大多由季节变化解释。我们的研究强调了原生生物吞噬过程通过预测原生生物α多样性对微生物共现网络参数的影响，对土壤微生物相互作用的重要性。这种关联可能是由原生生物消费者的高丰度驱动的，它们是我们采样地块中细菌和真菌谱系的主要捕食者。我们的研究结果表明，春季微生物共现相互作用的复杂性要高得多，这可能归因于春季的热变异性和资源可用性增加，促进了微生物多样性和网络复杂性。这项研究有助于当地生态系统前景，以季节性地模拟土壤生物群的行为及其对土壤功能和微生物组装过程的隐含影响，这将通过推广新型、精确和合理的人工林来实现未来环境的可持续性和自给自足，从而使全球范围内的造林计划受益。
