Han JooHee, Hermansen Are Skeie
JooHee Han is Researcher in the Department of Sociology and Human Geography at the University of Oslo. Are Skeie Hermansen is Professor of Sociology in the Department of Sociology and Human Geography at the University of Oslo and Researcher in the Swedish Institute for Social Research at Stockholm University.
Ind Labor Relat Rev. 2024 Aug;77(4):598-625. doi: 10.1177/00197939241261688. Epub 2024 Jun 12.
Immigrants and their native-born children often face considerable wage penalties relative to natives, but less is known about whether this inequality arises through differences in educational qualifications, segregation across occupations and establishments, or unequal pay for the same work. Using linked employer-employee data from Norway, the authors ask whether immigrant-native wage disparities 1) reflect differences in detailed educational qualifications, labor market segregation, or within-job pay differences; 2) differ by immigrant generation; and 3) vary across different segments of the labor market. They find that immigrant-native wage disparities primarily reflect sorting into lower-paying jobs, and that wage disadvantages are considerably reduced across immigrant generations. When doing the same work for the same employer, immigrant-background workers, especially children of immigrants, earn similar wages to natives. Sorting into jobs seems more meritocratic for university graduates, for professionals, and in the public sector, but within-job pay differences are strikingly similar across market segments.
与本土出生的人相比，移民及其本土出生的子女往往面临相当大的工资劣势，但对于这种不平等是因教育资格差异、职业和企业间的隔离，还是同工不同酬所致，我们所知甚少。作者利用挪威的雇主-雇员关联数据，探讨移民与本土出生者的工资差距是否：1）反映在详细教育资格、劳动力市场隔离或岗位内薪酬差异方面的不同；2）因移民代际而异；3）在劳动力市场的不同细分领域有所不同。他们发现，移民与本土出生者的工资差距主要反映在进入低薪工作的情况，而且各代移民的工资劣势都大幅降低。当为同一雇主从事相同工作时，具有移民背景的工人，尤其是移民子女，赚取的工资与本土出生者相近。对于大学毕业生、专业人士以及公共部门而言，工作分配似乎更具精英主义色彩，但岗位内薪酬差异在各市场细分领域却惊人地相似。
