Ozaki Yusuke, Ueda Takeshi
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Japan.
J Hum Kinet. 2024 May 17;93:41-52. doi: 10.5114/jhk/176106. eCollection 2024 Jul.
This study aimed to clarify the kinetics of the relative vertical momentum to the proximal joint of each free limb and their contribution to the increase in the centre of mass height at the take-off of hurdle clearance, as well as their relationship with take-off variables. Thirteen male hurdlers cleared one hurdle at the height of their centre of mass, and their attempts were filmed using six high-speed cameras. The hurdle height was 96.54 ± 2.63 cm (55.35 ± 0.29% of body height). The approach distance was set at 15 m and adjusted by each hurdler in the range of 10-50 cm so as not to involve any noticeable step length adjustment before the take-off. The combined free limb relative vertical momentum tended to increase until mid-support and was maintained until the toe off. The smaller the whole-body vertical momentum at the toe off and the increase in relative vertical momentum of the lead leg during the take-off, the higher the take-off velocity, the shorter the support time, and the smaller the deceleration. The higher the relative vertical momentum of the forward swing arm during touchdown and the smaller the relative vertical momentum increase of the combined free limb and the forward swing arm during the take-off, the smaller the deceleration. In conclusion, hurdlers should reduce the increase in whole-body vertical momentum at the take-off by suppressing the increase in relative vertical momentum of the lead leg and the forward swing arm.
本研究旨在阐明每个自由肢体相对于近端关节的相对垂直动量的动力学及其对跨栏起跳时质心高度增加的贡献，以及它们与起跳变量的关系。13名男性跨栏运动员以其质心高度跨过一个栏架，并用6台高速摄像机拍摄他们的试跳过程。栏架高度为96.54±2.63厘米（占身高的55.35±0.29%）。助跑距离设定为15米，由每位跨栏运动员在10 - 50厘米范围内进行调整，以便在起跳前不涉及任何明显的步长调整。自由肢体组合的相对垂直动量在支撑中期之前趋于增加，并一直保持到离地。离地时全身垂直动量越小，起跳过程中领先腿相对垂直动量的增加量越小，则起跳速度越高，支撑时间越短，减速越小。着地时前摆臂的相对垂直动量越高，起跳过程中自由肢体组合和前摆臂的相对垂直动量增加量越小，则减速越小。总之，跨栏运动员应通过抑制领先腿和前摆臂相对垂直动量的增加来减少起跳时全身垂直动量的增加。
