Ye Dingwei, Liu Yaqi, Li Jing, Zhou Jing, Cao Jingwei, Wu Yumeng, Wang Xinyue, Fang Yuwen, Ye Xingchen, Zou Jing, Ma Qizhao
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2025 May;51(3):532-543. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2389386. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
Dental caries, as a biofilm-related disease, is closely linked to dysbiosis in microbial ecology within dental biofilms. Beyond its impact on oral health, bacteria within the oral cavity pose systemic health risks by potentially entering the bloodstream, thereby increasing susceptibility to bacterial endocarditis, among other related diseases. , a principal cariogenic bacterium, possesses virulence factors crucial to the pathogenesis of dental caries. Its ability to adhere to tooth surfaces, produce glucans for biofilm formation, and metabolize sugars into lactic acid contributes to enamel demineralization and the initiation of carious lesions. Its aciduricity and ability to produce bacteriocins enable a competitive advantage, allowing it to thrive in acidic environments and dominate in changing oral microenvironments. In contrast, commensal streptococci, such as , , and , act as primary colonizers and compete with for adherence sites and nutrients during biofilm formation. This competition involves the production of alkali, peroxides, and antibacterial substances, thereby inhibiting growth and maintaining microbial balance. This dynamic interaction influences the balance of oral microbiota, with disruptions leading to shifts in microbial composition that are marked by rapid increases in abundance, contributing to the onset of dental caries. Thus, understanding the dynamic interactions between commensal and pathogenic bacteria in oral microecology is important for developing effective strategies to promote oral health and prevent dental caries. This review highlights the roles and competitive interactions of commensal bacteria and in oral microecology, emphasizing the importance of maintaining oral microbial balance for health, and discusses the pathological implications of perturbations in this balance.
龋齿作为一种与生物膜相关的疾病，与牙菌斑内微生物生态的失调密切相关。口腔细菌除了影响口腔健康外，还可能进入血液循环，从而增加患细菌性心内膜炎等相关疾病的易感性，对全身健康构成风险。变形链球菌是主要的致龋菌，具有对龋齿发病机制至关重要的毒力因子。它能够黏附于牙齿表面、产生用于生物膜形成的葡聚糖，并将糖类代谢为乳酸，这些都有助于牙釉质脱矿和龋损的起始。其耐酸性和产生细菌素的能力使其具有竞争优势，能够在酸性环境中茁壮成长，并在不断变化的口腔微环境中占据主导地位。相比之下，共生链球菌，如血链球菌、唾液链球菌和缓症链球菌，作为主要的定植菌，在生物膜形成过程中与变形链球菌竞争黏附位点和营养物质。这种竞争涉及碱、过氧化物和抗菌物质的产生，从而抑制变形链球菌的生长并维持微生物平衡。这种动态相互作用影响口腔微生物群的平衡，平衡的破坏会导致微生物组成发生变化，其特征是变形链球菌数量迅速增加，从而导致龋齿的发生。因此，了解口腔微生态中共生菌和病原菌之间的动态相互作用对于制定促进口腔健康和预防龋齿的有效策略至关重要。本综述强调了共生菌和变形链球菌在口腔微生态中的作用和竞争相互作用，强调了维持口腔微生物平衡对健康的重要性，并讨论了这种平衡受到干扰的病理意义。
