Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.
Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
J Med Microbiol. 2024 Aug;73(8). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001866.
Studying individual ecological niches within the oral cavity is a logical first step to understanding the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs); however, it is not representative of the whole oral resistome. The aim of our systematic review was to provide a map of the oral resistome by reviewing the composition of individual niches. A total of 580 papers were retrieved from a search of all English language publications investigating the presence of oral ARGs in five electronic databases between January 2015 and August 2023. Fifteen studies [10 PCR and 5 next-generation sequencing (NGS)] were included in this review. The heterogeneity of methods precluded meta-analysis. ARGs are present throughout the oral cavity with 158 unique ARGs identified across 6 locations - supra and sub-gingival biofilm, mucosa, oropharynx, root canal system (RCS) and saliva. The supragingival biofilm had the highest resistome richness, while the RCS had the least. Tetracycline was the dominant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) class found. Three core genes were identified - ), ) and .This review highlights the necessity of NGS studies to comprehensively characterize the oral resistome in its entirety. This is the logical foundation for future 'omics studies to truly understand the scope of the resistome and its contribution to AMR.
研究口腔内个体生态位是理解抗菌药物耐药基因（ARGs）分布的合理第一步；然而，它不能代表整个口腔耐药组。本系统综述的目的是通过综述个体生态位的组成，提供口腔耐药组的图谱。从 2015 年 1 月至 2023 年 8 月，我们在五个电子数据库中检索了所有以英语发表的关于口腔 ARGs 存在的研究，共检索到 580 篇论文。本综述纳入了 15 项研究[10 项 PCR 和 5 项下一代测序（NGS）]。由于方法的异质性，无法进行荟萃分析。ARGs 存在于整个口腔中，在 6 个部位（龈上和龈下生物膜、黏膜、口咽、根管系统（RCS）和唾液）中发现了 158 个独特的 ARGs。龈上生物膜的耐药组丰富度最高，而 RCS 的耐药组丰富度最低。发现的主要抗菌药物耐药（AMR）类别为四环素。鉴定出了 3 个核心基因 - ）、）和 。本综述强调了 NGS 研究全面描述整个口腔耐药组的必要性。这是未来“组学”研究的逻辑基础，有助于真正了解耐药组的范围及其对抗生素耐药性的贡献。
