School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia.
School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Addiction. 2024 Dec;119(12):2088-2100. doi: 10.1111/add.16643. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
Evidence suggests there has been an increase in anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use among women, driven by the evolving landscape of women's participation in sport. However, the extent of use is unknown. This systematic review aimed to estimate the prevalence of women's AAS use.
We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles in English, focusing on AAS use among women aged 18 and above. We excluded grey literature and studies that measured doping through some form of analysis (e.g. urine or hair). Searched databases were MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, SPORTDiscus, Embase and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts for all articles were screened, followed by full-text assessment and data extraction of included articles by multiple authors for accuracy. The pooled prevalence of lifetime use was determined using a random effects model and the risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool.
Based on 18 studies, participant numbers averaged 669 per study (median = 189; range = 16 to 7051). The overall pooled AAS use prevalence was 4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2-9%) with high heterogeneity overall (I = 95%). In the subgroup analysis, AAS use prevalence was 16.8% (95% CI = 11.0-24.9%, I = 44%) in the bodybuilder subgroup, 4.4% (95% CI = 1.2-15.1%, I = 93%) in athletes/recreational gym user subgroup, and 1.4% (95% CI = 0.4-4.7%, I = 96%) in the general population/other subgroup. Meta-regression demonstrated significantly higher AAS use in bodybuilders compared with the other subgroup (P = 0.011).
Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among women appears to be substantially higher among bodybuilders and athletes/recreational gym users than the general female population.
有证据表明，由于女性参与体育运动的环境不断变化，女性使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的情况有所增加。然而，使用的程度尚不清楚。本系统评价旨在评估女性使用 AAS 的流行率。
我们对英语同行评审文献进行了系统评价，重点是年龄在 18 岁及以上的女性使用 AAS 的情况。我们排除了灰色文献和通过某种形式的分析（如尿液或头发）来衡量兴奋剂使用情况的研究。检索的数据库包括 MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycINFO、SocINDEX、SPORTDiscus、Embase 和 Cochrane Library。对所有文章的标题和摘要进行筛选，然后由多名作者对纳入文章进行全文评估和数据提取，以确保准确性。使用随机效应模型确定终生使用的汇总流行率，并使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所流行率批判性评价工具评估偏倚风险。
基于 18 项研究，每项研究的参与者平均数量为 669 人（中位数=189；范围=16-7051）。总体 AAS 使用流行率为 4%（95%置信区间[CI]=2-9%），总体异质性很高（I=95%）。在亚组分析中，健美运动员亚组 AAS 使用流行率为 16.8%（95%CI=11.0-24.9%，I=44%），运动员/业余健身使用者亚组为 4.4%（95%CI=1.2-15.1%，I=93%），普通人群/其他亚组为 1.4%（95%CI=0.4-4.7%，I=96%）。元回归显示，健美运动员的 AAS 使用明显高于其他亚组（P=0.011）。
女性中 AAS 的使用似乎在健美运动员和运动员/业余健身使用者中明显高于普通女性人群。
