School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China.
Department of Human Resources, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China.
BMC Womens Health. 2024 Aug 12;24(1):454. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03296-5.
Breast and cervical cancer are the most common cancers in women, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cancer screening can facilitate early diagnosis, reduce mortality, and ease the burden of cancer. Social support and self-efficacy are strongly associated with cancer screening behavior. The present study aimed to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on social support and cancer screening behavior.
In this cross-sectional survey study conducted from June to October 2023, 312 women aged 35-65 years were recruited from the East Coast area of China. A general information questionnaire, cancer screening behavior questionnaire, social support scale and self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general characteristics of participants; one-way analysis of variance was used to test for differences in the measured variables; and Pearson's correlation analyses were used to describe the relationship among social support, self-efficacy, and cancer screening behavior. A mediation model was constructed and analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.
The mean (standard deviation) screening behavior score for breast cancer and cervical cancer was 3.98 (2.79), representing an intermediate level. Self-efficacy was closely related to social support and cancer screening behavior. Social support showed a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and cancer screening behavior (r = 0.18, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy was also significantly positively correlated with cancer screening behavior (r = 0.19, p < 0.05). Self-efficacy showed a full mediating effect between social support and cancer screening behavior, with an explanatory power of 32%.
The findings emphasize the need to increase women's level of social support and self-efficacy, which in turn can increase women's participation in breast and cervical cancer screening.
乳腺癌和宫颈癌是女性最常见的癌症，其发病率和死亡率都很高。癌症筛查可以促进早期诊断、降低死亡率并减轻癌症负担。社会支持和自我效能感与癌症筛查行为密切相关。本研究旨在探讨自我效能感在社会支持与癌症筛查行为之间的中介作用。
本横断面调查研究于 2023 年 6 月至 10 月在中国东海岸地区招募了 312 名年龄在 35-65 岁的女性。使用一般信息问卷、癌症筛查行为问卷、社会支持量表和自我效能感量表收集数据。采用描述性统计分析方法对参与者的一般特征进行分析；采用单因素方差分析检验测量变量的差异；采用 Pearson 相关分析描述社会支持、自我效能感和癌症筛查行为之间的关系。采用 SPSS 的 PROCESS 宏构建并分析中介模型。
乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查行为的平均（标准差）得分为 3.98（2.79），处于中等水平。自我效能感与社会支持和癌症筛查行为密切相关。社会支持与自我效能感（r=0.37，p<0.01）和癌症筛查行为（r=0.18，p<0.01）呈显著正相关。自我效能感与癌症筛查行为也呈显著正相关（r=0.19，p<0.05）。自我效能感在社会支持与癌症筛查行为之间完全中介，解释力为 32%。
这些发现强调了提高女性社会支持和自我效能感水平的必要性，这反过来又可以增加女性参与乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查的意愿。
