Ratnam Kishwen Kanna Yoga, Suliman Mohd Azmi Bin, Sui Wan Kim, Tok Peter Seah Keng, Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Bin Mohd
Centre for Non-Communicable Disease Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia.
Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia.
Arch Public Health. 2024 Aug 12;82(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s13690-024-01349-7.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) pose a substantial public health concern, ranking among the primary contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, impacting around 5-10% of pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HDP and its associated factors among mothers aged 15-49 who recently gave birth within the last two years, throughout Malaysia, informing effective public health and primary care interventions.
This study was a part of the national survey on maternal and child health (MCH) also known as the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2022: MCH. This was a cross-sectional study using two stage stratified random sampling design. Data of mothers aged 15-49 years old who recently gave birth within the last two years were selected in this study. This survey utilised a set of structured validated questionnaires administered via face-to-face interviews (using a mobile device). Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the associated factors for hypertension.
Among 6 335 participants recruited for this study with an estimated population of 782, 550, the prevalence of HDP among Malaysian mothers aged 15-49 years old who recently gave birth within the last two years was 6.5% (95% CI: 5.76, 7.37). Multiple logistic regression showed that maternal age and ethnicity were significantly associated with hypertension. Advanced maternal age had higher odds of hypertension, with an aOR of 2.18 (95% CI = 1.75, 2.71). In addition, Other Bumiputera had higher odds of hypertension (aOR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.25, 5.87).
This study reveals the prevalence of HDP among Malaysian women with children under 2 years old, emphasizing advanced maternal age (above 35) and ethnicity as notable risk factors. It improves understanding of the epidemiology of HDP in Malaysia, offering valuable insights for the development of effective public health strategies and clinical interventions that can help with the control of HDP.
妊娠高血压疾病（HDP）是一个重大的公共卫生问题，是孕产妇和围产期发病及死亡的主要原因之一，影响约5%-10%的妊娠。本研究旨在确定马来西亚全国范围内过去两年内分娩的15至49岁母亲中HDP的患病率及其相关因素，为有效的公共卫生和初级保健干预提供依据。
本研究是全国妇幼健康调查（MCH）的一部分，即2022年全国健康与发病率调查（NHMS）：MCH。这是一项采用两阶段分层随机抽样设计的横断面研究。本研究选取了过去两年内分娩的15至49岁母亲的数据。该调查使用了一套通过面对面访谈（使用移动设备）进行管理的结构化有效问卷。采用多因素logistic回归分析来确定高血压的相关因素。
在本研究招募的6335名参与者中，估计人口为782550，过去两年内分娩的15至49岁马来西亚母亲中HDP的患病率为6.5%（95%CI：5.76，7.37）。多因素logistic回归显示，母亲年龄和种族与高血压显著相关。高龄产妇患高血压的几率更高，调整后的比值比（aOR）为2.18（95%CI = 1.75，2.71）。此外，其他马来原住民患高血压的几率更高（aOR = 2.71，95%CI = 1.25，5.87）。
本研究揭示了马来西亚2岁以下儿童母亲中HDP的患病率，强调高龄产妇（35岁以上）和种族是显著的风险因素。它增进了对马来西亚HDP流行病学的了解，为制定有效的公共卫生策略和临床干预措施提供了有价值的见解，有助于控制HDP。
