Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UClouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2024 Jan-Dec;23(1):779-788. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2387599. Epub 2024 Sep 4.
As the societal value of vaccines is increasingly recognized, there is a need to examine methodological approaches that could be used to integrate these various benefits in the economic evaluation of a vaccine.
A literature review and two expert panel meetings explored methodologies to value herd immunity, health spillover effects (beyond herd immunity), impact on antimicrobial resistance, productivity, and equity implications of vaccines.
The consideration of broader benefits of vaccines in economic evaluation is complicated and necessitates technical expertise. Whereas methodologies to account for herd immunity and work productivity are relatively well established, approaches to investigate equity implications are developing and less frequently applied. Modeling the potential impact on antimicrobial resistance not only depends on the multi-faceted causal relationship between vaccination and resistance but also on data availability.
Different methods are available to value the broad impact of vaccines, and it is important that analysts are aware of their strengths and limitations and justify their choice of method. In the future, we expect that an increasing number of economic evaluations will consider the broader benefits of vaccines as part of their base-case analysis or in sensitivity analyses.
随着人们对疫苗的社会价值的认识不断提高，需要研究一些方法，以便在疫苗的经济评估中纳入这些不同的效益。
文献回顾和两次专家小组会议探讨了评估群体免疫、健康溢出效应（超出群体免疫）、对抗菌素耐药性的影响、生产力以及疫苗的公平性影响的方法。
在经济评估中考虑疫苗的更广泛效益比较复杂，需要技术专长。虽然用于计量群体免疫和工作生产力的方法已经相对成熟，但用于研究公平性影响的方法正在发展中，且较少应用。对抗菌素耐药性潜在影响的建模不仅取决于疫苗接种和耐药性之间的多方面因果关系，还取决于数据的可用性。
有多种方法可用于评估疫苗的广泛影响，分析人员了解其优缺点并为其方法选择提供理由非常重要。未来，我们预计将有越来越多的经济评估将疫苗的更广泛效益作为其基本分析或敏感性分析的一部分来考虑。
