Khasawneh Dyala M, Oweis Rami J, Alsmadi Mo'tasem
Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2025;22(5):552-573. doi: 10.2174/0115672018328954240801110200.
Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are widespread microbic invasions of the skin and deeper tissues. Topical drug delivery systems are the most favored administration pathway when treating SSTIs. This is down to their minimal risk of inducing systemic adverse events, reduced development of bacterial resistance, and ease of application. However, they have several drawbacks, including the lack of control over the drug release profile, skin irritations, and the limited permeability of certain compounds through the skin. To address these limitations, several nanocarrier systems were developed, with nanoliposomes standing out as the leading delivery system for the topical management of SSTIs. Despite considerable research into liposomes over the past decade, there remains a gap in detailed knowledge about designing these carriers specifically for SSTIs. Consequently, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research that focuses on the use of nanoliposomes for SSTIs and offers an extensive understanding of both SSTIs and liposomal formulations. This review explores bacterial SSTIs, covering their epidemiology, classification, microbiology, and management. It emphasizes the contribution of liposome-based nanovesicles in enhancing the local administration of antibiotics and natural antibacterial compounds for SSTI management. It also delves into the effects of liposomal formulation changes on the disease therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, it provides a guide for aligning the characteristics of the liposomes with the infection types, depths, properties, and causative agents. This signifies a substantial leap forward in the domains of drug design, development, and delivery.
细菌性皮肤和软组织感染（SSTIs）是皮肤及深层组织广泛的微生物入侵。局部给药系统是治疗SSTIs时最受欢迎的给药途径。这归因于其引发全身不良事件的风险极小、细菌耐药性发展降低以及易于应用。然而，它们有几个缺点，包括对药物释放曲线缺乏控制、皮肤刺激以及某些化合物透过皮肤的渗透性有限。为了解决这些局限性，人们开发了几种纳米载体系统，其中纳米脂质体作为SSTIs局部治疗的主要递送系统脱颖而出。尽管在过去十年中对脂质体进行了大量研究，但在专门为SSTIs设计这些载体的详细知识方面仍存在差距。因此，迫切需要进行全面研究，重点关注纳米脂质体在SSTIs中的应用，并对SSTIs和脂质体制剂有广泛的了解。本综述探讨了细菌性SSTIs，涵盖其流行病学、分类、微生物学和管理。它强调了基于脂质体的纳米囊泡在增强抗生素和天然抗菌化合物用于SSTI管理的局部给药方面的贡献。它还深入研究了脂质体制剂变化对疾病治疗结果的影响。此外，它提供了一个指南，用于使脂质体的特性与感染类型、深度、性质和病原体相匹配。这标志着在药物设计、开发和递送领域向前迈出了一大步。
