TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Programme, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Programme, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Nov 1;360:124700. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124700. Epub 2024 Aug 11.
Improper waste disposal or inadequate wastewater treatment can result in pharmaceuticals reaching water bodies, posing environmental hazards. In this study, crude extracts containing the laccase enzyme from Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus sajor caju were used to degrade the fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) levofloxacin (LEV), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL), and enrofloxacin (ENR) in aqueous solutions. The results for the fungi derived laccase extracts were compared with those obtained using commercially sourced laccase. Proteomics analysis of the crude extracts confirmed the presence of laccase enzyme across all three tested species, with proteins matching those found in Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus. In vivo studies were conducted using species pure lines of fungal whole cells. The highest degradation efficiency observed was 77.7% for LEV in the presence of P. sajor caju after 25 days of treatment. Degradation efficiencies ranged from approximately 60-72% for P. florida, 45-76% for P. eryngii, and 47-78% for P. sajor caju. A series of in vitro experiments were also conducted using crude extracts from the three species and outcomes compared with those obtained when commercial laccase was used confirmed laccase as the enzyme responsible for antibiotic removal. The degradation efficiencies in vitro surpassed those measured in vivo, ranging from approximately 91-98% for commercial laccase, 77-92% for P. florida, 76-92% for P. eryngii, and 78-88% for P. sajor caju. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified the degradation products, indicating a consistent enzymatic degradation pathway targeting the piperazine moiety common to all tested FQs, irrespective of the initial antibiotic structure. Phytoplankton toxicity studies with Dunaliella tertiolecta were performed to aid in understanding the impact of emerging contaminants on ecosystems, and by-products were analysed for ecotoxicity to assess treatment efficacy. Laccase-mediated enzymatic oxidation shows promising results in reducing algal toxicity, notably with Pleurotus eryngii extract achieving a 97.7% decrease for CIP and a 90% decrease for LEV. These findings suggest the potential of these naturally sourced extracts in mitigating antibiotic contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
不当的废物处理或废水处理不充分可能导致药物进入水体，从而带来环境危害。在这项研究中，使用来自佛罗里达侧耳菌、杏鲍菇和姬松茸的粗提物中含有的漆酶来降解水溶液中的氟喹诺酮类抗生素（FQs）左氧氟沙星（LEV）、诺氟沙星（NOR）、环丙沙星（CIP）、氧氟沙星（OFL）和恩诺沙星（ENR）。比较了真菌来源的漆酶提取物的结果与商业来源的漆酶的结果。对粗提取物的蛋白质组学分析证实，所有三种测试的物种中都存在漆酶酶，其蛋白质与云芝和糙皮侧耳中的蛋白质相匹配。在使用真菌全细胞的种纯系进行体内研究。在用 P. sajor caju 处理 25 天后，观察到 LEV 的最高降解效率为 77.7%。对于 P. florida，降解效率范围为 60-72%，对于 P. eryngii，降解效率范围为 45-76%，对于 P. sajor caju，降解效率范围为 47-78%。还进行了一系列使用三种物种的粗提取物的体外实验，并将结果与使用商业漆酶时获得的结果进行了比较，证实漆酶是去除抗生素的酶。体外的降解效率高于体内测量的效率，商业漆酶的降解效率范围约为 91-98%，P. florida 的降解效率范围为 77-92%，P. eryngii 的降解效率范围为 76-92%，P. sajor caju 的降解效率范围为 78-88%。液相色谱-高分辨率质谱（LC-MS/MS）鉴定了降解产物，表明存在针对所有测试的 FQs 共同的哌嗪部分的一致的酶促降解途径，而与初始抗生素结构无关。用杜氏盐藻进行了浮游植物毒性研究，以帮助了解新兴污染物对生态系统的影响，并对副产物进行了生态毒性分析，以评估处理效果。漆酶介导的酶促氧化在降低藻类毒性方面显示出有希望的结果，特别是杏鲍菇提取物对 CIP 的降低率为 97.7%，对 LEV 的降低率为 90%。这些发现表明这些天然来源的提取物在减轻水生生态系统中的抗生素污染方面具有潜力。
