Cesk Patol. 2024;60(2):124-128.
In developed countries, calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) has become the most common acquired valvular disease and cause for valve replacement. The prevalence of the disease increases with age, reaching over 5 % in adults over 75 years of age. The cases of CAS are classified as either of a previously normal (tricuspid) aortic valve (senile, syn. age - related, "sclerotic" type), or based on a congenitally malformed, usually bicuspid aortic valve. This paper is a brief summary of our 5 previous publications from the years 2007 - 2021, devoted to histopathology of CAS, namely to vascularization, inflammatory infiltrate and metaplastic ossification of the valve, and also to topography of these lesions in individual valve cusps. We conclude that calcification of the aortic valve is not a passive degenerative lesion, but an active multifactorial inflammatory process driven by cells native to the aortic valve. Pathogenesis of CAS is similar to that of atherosclerosis.
在发达国家，钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄（CAS）已成为最常见的获得性瓣膜病和瓣膜置换的原因。该疾病的患病率随年龄增长而增加，在 75 岁以上的成年人中患病率超过 5%。CAS 病例分为先前正常的（三尖瓣）主动脉瓣（老年，同义，与年龄相关，“硬化”型），或基于先天性畸形，通常为二叶式主动脉瓣。本文简要总结了我们在 2007 年至 2021 年期间发表的 5 篇之前的出版物，内容涉及 CAS 的组织病理学，即瓣膜的血管生成、炎症浸润和化生骨化，以及这些病变在各个瓣叶的分布。我们得出结论，主动脉瓣钙化不是一种被动退行性病变，而是一种由主动脉瓣固有细胞驱动的多因素炎症反应。CAS 的发病机制与动脉粥样硬化相似。
