Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Sep;100:102454. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102454. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative condition marked by gradual cognitive deterioration and the loss of neurons. While conventional bulk RNA sequencing techniques have shed light on AD pathology, they frequently obscure the cellular diversity within brain tissues. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has transformed our capability to analyze the cellular composition of AD, allowing for the detection of unique cell populations, rare cell types, and gene expression alterations at an individual cell level. This review examines the use of scRNA-seq in AD research, focusing on its contributions to understanding cellular diversity, disease progression, and potential therapeutic targets. We discuss key technological innovations, data analysis techniques, and challenges associated with scRNA-seq in studying AD. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies that have utilized scRNA-seq to identify novel biomarkers, uncover disease-associated pathways, and elucidate the role of non-neuronal cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, in AD pathogenesis. By providing a comprehensive overview of advancements in scRNA-seq for unraveling cellular heterogeneity in AD, this review highlights the transformative impact of scRNA-seq on our comprehension of disease mechanisms and the creation of targeted treatments.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种多方面的神经退行性疾病，其特征是认知逐渐恶化和神经元丧失。虽然传统的批量 RNA 测序技术揭示了 AD 病理学，但它们经常掩盖了脑组织内的细胞多样性。单细胞 RNA 测序（scRNA-seq）的出现改变了我们分析 AD 细胞组成的能力，使得能够在单个细胞水平上检测到独特的细胞群体、罕见的细胞类型和基因表达变化。本综述探讨了 scRNA-seq 在 AD 研究中的应用，重点介绍了它对理解细胞多样性、疾病进展和潜在治疗靶点的贡献。我们讨论了 scRNA-seq 在 AD 研究中涉及的关键技术创新、数据分析技术和挑战。此外，我们还强调了最近利用 scRNA-seq 来鉴定新型生物标志物、揭示疾病相关途径以及阐明非神经元细胞（如小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞）在 AD 发病机制中的作用的研究。通过全面概述 scRNA-seq 在揭示 AD 细胞异质性方面的进展，本综述强调了 scRNA-seq 对我们理解疾病机制和开发靶向治疗的变革性影响。
