Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.
Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Nov 15;365:32-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.034. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
Suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) are risk factors for suicide which peak during adolescence; however, evidence focused on differences in SI and SA risk among racial/ethnic minority youth is limited despite increasing suicide rates among several racial/ethnic minority groups.
We analyzed a representative sample of adolescents aged 12-17 with prior depressive symptoms (n = 32,617) from the cross-sectional National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (2008-2019). Survey-weighted adjusted logistic regressions estimated the association of race/ethnicity with self-reported lifetime SI and SA, controlling for sociodemographics, lifetime substance use, lifetime major depressive episode, and self-rated health.
Compared to white adolescents, Black and Hispanic adolescents had a 2.5 % (p = 0.04) and 4.2 % (p < 0.001) lower likelihood of reporting SI. However, among participants reporting SI, Black and Hispanic adolescents had a 3.2 % (p = 0.03) and 3.1 % (p = 0.03) higher likelihood of reporting SA than white adolescents. Multiracial adolescents were 5.9 % (p = 0.03) more likely to report SA than white adolescents.
Although racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to self-report mental health symptoms, we could only assess SI/SA among adolescents self-reporting prior depressive symptoms, and we could only assess SA among adolescents self-reporting SI due to survey methods.
Variation in the racial/ethnic distribution of suicidality supports theories conceptualizing separate pathways for SI and SA. This underscores the need for greater attention to racial/ethnic differences in suicide-related research, surveillance, and prevention efforts, including ensuring that mental health risk assessments directly evaluate SA in addition to SI in order to better identify high-risk racial/ethnic minority youth.
自杀意念（SI）和自杀企图（SA）是自杀的风险因素，在青少年时期达到高峰；然而，尽管一些少数族裔群体的自杀率不断上升，但针对少数族裔青年 SI 和 SA 风险差异的证据有限。
我们分析了来自横断面全国药物使用和健康调查（2008-2019 年）的有既往抑郁症状的 12-17 岁青少年的代表性样本（n=32617）。通过社会人口统计学、终生物质使用、终生重性抑郁发作和自我评估健康状况，对调查加权调整后的逻辑回归估计了种族/民族与自我报告的终生 SI 和 SA 的相关性。
与白人青少年相比，黑人青少年和西班牙裔青少年报告 SI 的可能性低 2.5%（p=0.04）和 4.2%（p<0.001）。然而，在报告 SI 的参与者中，黑人青少年和西班牙裔青少年报告 SA 的可能性比白人青少年高 3.2%（p=0.03）和 3.1%（p=0.03）。与白人青少年相比，多种族青少年报告 SA 的可能性高 5.9%（p=0.03）。
尽管少数族裔群体不太可能自我报告心理健康症状，但我们只能评估自我报告既往抑郁症状的青少年的 SI/SA，并且由于调查方法的原因，我们只能评估自我报告 SI 的青少年的 SA。
自杀意念的种族/民族分布的差异支持将 SI 和 SA 分开的理论。这强调了在自杀相关研究、监测和预防工作中需要更加关注种族/民族差异，包括确保心理健康风险评估除了 SI 之外，还要直接评估 SA，以便更好地识别高风险的少数族裔青少年。
