Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2024 Sep-Oct;51(5):449-457. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.06.005. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
To compare the effects of propofol, ketamine-propofol and isoflurane, at similar anesthetic depth, on cardiopulmonary variables in unpremedictated chickens.
Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental trial.
A total of 10 male Leghorn domestic chickens, aged 3 months and body mass 1.4-2.0 kg.
Birds were randomly assigned to each of three anesthetic protocols, 7 days apart: intravenous propofol, intravenous ketamine-propofol or isoflurane. Anesthesia was induced (indicated by loss of righting reflex and tracheal intubation) and maintained with propofol (10 mg kg minute, then 1.1 mg kg minute), ketamine-propofol (5 mg mL ketamine and 5 mg mL propofol combined; 10 mg kg minute, then 1.1 mg kg minute) or isoflurane [5% vaporizer setting initially, then end-tidal concentration (Fe'Iso) of 2%] for 65 minutes. Anesthesia was maintained at a similar anesthetic depth based upon positive or negative responses to toe pinch. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), noninvasive arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases were measured during anesthesia. Propofol or ketamine-propofol infusion rates and Fe'Iso required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus and recovery times were recorded.
Anesthesia induction dose was 9.0 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD) and 12.2 ± 0.3 mg kg for propofol and ketamine-propofol, respectively. Propofol and ketamine-propofol infusion rates and Fe'Iso required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus were 0.88 ± 0.14 mg kg minute, 0.92 ± 0.14 mg kg minute and 1.45 ± 0.28%, respectively. Cardiopulmonary variables remained clinically acceptable, but ketamine-propofol was associated with a significantly higher HR (p = 0.0001) and lower f (p = 0.0001). Time to extubation did not differ among treatments.
Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were maintained within normal ranges in all treatments. Coadministration of ketamine with propofol significantly reduced the induction and maintenance dose of propofol.
比较丙泊酚、氯胺酮-丙泊酚和异氟烷在相似麻醉深度下对未预测鸡心肺变量的影响。
前瞻性、随机、交叉实验研究。
共 10 只雄性来航鸡，3 月龄，体重 1.4-2.0 公斤。
鸡随机分配到 3 种麻醉方案中，间隔 7 天：静脉注射丙泊酚、静脉注射氯胺酮-丙泊酚或异氟烷。麻醉诱导（以失去翻正反射和气管插管为标志），并以丙泊酚维持（10 mg kg min，然后 1.1 mg kg min）、氯胺酮-丙泊酚（5 mg mL 氯胺酮和 5 mg mL 丙泊酚混合；10 mg kg min，然后 1.1 mg kg min）或异氟烷[初始汽化器设置为 5%，然后呼气末浓度（Fe'Iso）为 2%]65 分钟。根据对脚趾捏的阳性或阴性反应，维持相似的麻醉深度。在麻醉期间测量心率（HR）、呼吸频率（f）、无创动脉血压和动脉血气。记录预防疼痛刺激引起运动所需的丙泊酚或氯胺酮-丙泊酚输注率和 Fe'Iso 以及恢复时间。
丙泊酚和氯胺酮-丙泊酚的麻醉诱导剂量分别为 9.0 ± 0.8（均值 ± 标准差）和 12.2 ± 0.3 mg kg。预防疼痛刺激引起运动所需的丙泊酚和氯胺酮-丙泊酚输注率和 Fe'Iso 分别为 0.88 ± 0.14 mg kg min、0.92 ± 0.14 mg kg min 和 1.45 ± 0.28%。心肺变量仍保持临床可接受范围，但氯胺酮-丙泊酚组的 HR 显著较高（p = 0.0001），f 显著较低（p = 0.0001）。拔管时间在治疗之间无差异。
所有治疗组的心血管和呼吸变量均保持在正常范围内。氯胺酮与丙泊酚联合使用可显著降低丙泊酚的诱导和维持剂量。
