Pollio E Whitney, Zhang Helena, Gajewski Alex, Abu-Hamad Samir, McDonald Katy, Pollio David E, North Carol S
School of Nursing, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Npj Ment Health Res. 2024 Aug 14;3(1):38. doi: 10.1038/s44184-024-00081-y.
The Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 was one of the most devastating incidents of terrorism in America at that time. Existing research has not examined changes in emotional responses outside of psychopathology to disaster over time. The sample for this study consisted of adult participants randomly selected from a state registry of survivors who were directly exposed to the 1995 bombing in Oklahoma City. The Disaster Supplement to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to collect participants' demographic information and qualitative details of their disaster experience, perceptions, and feelings. A total of 315 items resulted from the coding of responses pertaining to emotions (125 immediately after the disaster event, 140 in the following week, and 50 at approximately seven years postdisaster). The most common emotions in the immediate postdisaster period were shock, fear, and anxiety. In the following week, the most common were sorrow and anger. At seven years, sorrow was the most frequently expressed of all emotions. Understanding the progression of these feelings across time enhances the ability to anticipate responses at different postdisaster timeframes and to intervene in a timely manner.
1995年的俄克拉何马城爆炸案是当时美国最具毁灭性的恐怖主义事件之一。现有研究尚未考察除精神病理学之外，灾难引发的情绪反应随时间的变化情况。本研究的样本由从直接经历1995年俄克拉何马城爆炸案的幸存者州登记册中随机选取的成年参与者组成。采用《诊断访谈时间表》灾难补充版来收集参与者的人口统计学信息以及他们灾难经历、认知和感受的定性细节。对与情绪相关的回答进行编码后，共得到315个项目（灾难事件后立即有125个，接下来一周有140个，灾难发生约七年后有50个）。灾难刚发生后的时期最常见的情绪是震惊、恐惧和焦虑。在接下来的一周，最常见的是悲伤和愤怒。在七年时，悲伤是所有情绪中表达最频繁的。了解这些情绪随时间的发展过程，有助于提高预测不同灾后时间框架内的反应并及时进行干预的能力。
