Biyazen Belay Baynesagn, Taye Asamene Embiale
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
J Toxicol. 2024 Apr 12;2024:8985402. doi: 10.1155/2024/8985402. eCollection 2024.
Health implications for the population due to consuming contaminated crops have been a great concern worldwide. This study aimed to measure the levels of potential toxic elements in lentils and their growing soil in Dawunt Woreda, Ethiopia. Accordingly, 15 soil samples along with the lentil samples were collected to measure the level of potential toxic elements, including chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co), by using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and for assessing the potential ecological and human health risk. The wet digestion method using aqua regia (HCl/HNO 3 : 1) was employed for soil and lentil sample preparation. The mean concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr in the lentil sample were 60.4, 9.68, 0.75, 5.7, 0.25, 0.9, and 1.15 mg/kg, respectively. In soil, the mean concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Cr were 649, 19.9, 3.32, 40.0, 15.2, 1.83, and 69.1 mg/kg, respectively. All of the potential toxic metals in agricultural soil and lentil samples were found to be below the reference level set by the World Health Organization, except Cd, in the soil samples. Five single metal and three cumulative pollution index parameters were employed for the data and results showed that Fe, Cu, and Cr moderately pollute the soil and are highly contaminated by Cd. The cumulative pollution indices also confirmed that the extent of soil pollution varied from highly contaminated to moderate contamination. The possible health risks at various exposure routes have also been estimated. The single-metal and cumulative-metals health risks (cancer and noncancer) of adults and children due to chronic exposure to soil and consumption of lentils were estimated using the health quotient and health index values as per the United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Thus, the results revealed no significant adverse health risks (cancer and noncancer) for adults and children. Therefore, the inhabitants in the study area have no significant health impacts due to either the consumption of lentil crops or exposure to agricultural soil particles.
食用受污染作物对人群健康的影响已成为全球广泛关注的问题。本研究旨在测定埃塞俄比亚达温特县小扁豆及其种植土壤中的潜在有毒元素含量。为此，采集了15份土壤样本和小扁豆样本，使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定潜在有毒元素的含量，包括铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）和钴（Co），并评估潜在的生态和人类健康风险。采用王水（HCl/HNO₃ : 1）湿法消解对土壤和小扁豆样本进行预处理。小扁豆样本中Fe、Mn、Co、Cu、Cd、Pb和Cr的平均含量分别为60.4、9.68、0.75、5.7、0.25、0.9和1.15 mg/kg。土壤中Fe、Mn、Co、Cu、Cd、Pb和Cr的平均含量分别为649、19.9、3.32、40.0、15.2、1.83和69.1 mg/kg。除土壤样本中的Cd外，农业土壤和小扁豆样本中的所有潜在有毒金属含量均低于世界卫生组织设定的参考水平。采用5个单一金属和3个累积污染指数参数对数据进行分析，结果表明Fe、Cu和Cr对土壤有中度污染，Cd污染严重。累积污染指数也证实了土壤污染程度从高度污染到中度污染不等。还评估了不同暴露途径下可能的健康风险。根据美国环境保护局的指南，使用健康商数和健康指数值估算了成人和儿童因长期接触土壤和食用小扁豆而产生的单一金属和累积金属健康风险（癌症和非癌症）。结果表明，成人和儿童没有显著的不良健康风险（癌症和非癌症）。因此，研究区域的居民因食用小扁豆作物或接触农业土壤颗粒而未受到显著的健康影响。
