Cruz-Álvarez O, Sánchez-Chávez E, Benavides-Mendoza A, Hernández-Rodríguez O A, Parra-Quezada R A, Ciscomani-Larios J P, Martínez-Damián M T, Ojeda-Barrios D L
Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 31350, Mexico.
Unidad Delicias, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Delicias, Chihuahua, 33089, Mexico.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 16;10(15):e34742. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34742. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Zinc and boron are nutrients that often suffer low bioavailability to pecan trees grown in calcareous soils whereas adequate supplies of these two elements is essential for commercial pecan production. Working with young pecan trees, we evaluated changes in oxidative metabolism, levels of bioactive compounds, yield components and foliar nutrient concentrations in response to foliar sprays (50 or 100 mg L) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and boron (HBO). Four different treatment solutions were applied in a completely randomised design with six replications per treatment (24 trees in total). Zinc and B treatments were applied before pistil receptivity (3 weeks before anthesis) and at stem elongation stage 31, 39/60; flowering stage 69; fruit stages 7-75 and continued for a total of five applications at 14-day intervals. We evaluated enzyme activities (SOD, HO, CAT and GPx), AC, phenols, flavonoids, leaf area, chlorophyll, total anthocyanins and nut yield and quality (nut weight and % kernel). The mineral concentrations in the leaflets were also determined. The mineral concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn and B) in the leaflets were also determined. Spraying ZnO NPs and B increased SOD activity, CA, chlorophyll concentration, mineral nutrients (N, K, Ca, Zn and B) and yield. However, reductions were observed for CAT activity, nut quality and concentrations of phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and Fe. Boron increased GPx activity and P concentration. These results demonstrate that spraying low doses (50 mg L) of ZnO NPs and B can help reduce oxidative stress and increase yield, nut quality and leaf concentrations of Zn and B in young cv. Wichita pecan trees established on a calcareous soil.
锌和硼是在石灰性土壤中生长的山核桃树生物有效性往往较低的养分，而充足供应这两种元素对山核桃商业化生产至关重要。我们以幼龄山核桃树为研究对象，评估了叶面喷施（50或100毫克/升）氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）和硼（HBO）后，氧化代谢、生物活性化合物水平、产量构成要素以及叶片养分浓度的变化。采用完全随机设计施用四种不同的处理溶液，每个处理重复六次（共24棵树）。在雌蕊接受期之前（开花前3周）以及茎伸长第31、39/60阶段；开花期69；果实期7 - 75喷施锌和硼处理，总共喷施五次，间隔14天。我们评估了酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）、酸性转化酶、酚类、黄酮类、叶面积、叶绿素、总花青素以及坚果产量和品质（坚果重量和果仁百分比）。还测定了小叶中的矿物质浓度。小叶中的矿物质浓度（氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、铜、锰、镍、锌和硼）也进行了测定。喷施ZnO NPs和硼提高了超氧化物歧化酶活性、酸性转化酶、叶绿素浓度、矿质养分（氮、钾、钙、锌和硼）以及产量。然而，过氧化氢酶活性、坚果品质以及酚类、黄酮类、花青素和铁的浓度有所降低。硼提高了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和磷浓度。这些结果表明，在石灰性土壤上定植的幼龄威奇托山核桃树上，喷施低剂量（50毫克/升）的ZnO NPs和硼有助于减轻氧化应激，提高产量、坚果品质以及叶片中锌和硼的浓度。
