Henríquez Ruth, Muñoz-Barroso Isabel
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental Lab.106. Plaza Doctores de la Reina S/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 20;10(15):e34927. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34927. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
To overcome the limitations of conventional vaccines, new platforms for vaccine design have emerged such as those based on viral vectors and virus-like particles (VLPs). Viral vector vaccines are highly efficient and the onset of protection is quick. Many recombinant vaccine candidates for humans are based on viruses belonging to different families such as , , , , and . Also, the first viral vector vaccine licensed for human vaccination was the Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine. Since then, several viral vectors have been approved for vaccination against the viruses of Lassa fever, Ebola, hepatitis B, hepatitis E, SARS-CoV-2, and malaria. VLPs are nanoparticles that mimic viral particles formed from the self-assembly of structural proteins and VLP-based vaccines against hepatitis B and E viruses, human papillomavirus, and malaria have been commercialized. As evidenced by the accelerated production of vaccines against COVID-19, these new approaches are important tools for vaccinology and for generating rapid responses against pathogens and emerging pandemic threats.
为克服传统疫苗的局限性，已出现了新的疫苗设计平台，如基于病毒载体和病毒样颗粒（VLP）的平台。病毒载体疫苗效率高，保护起效快。许多针对人类的重组候选疫苗基于不同病毒科的病毒，如 、 、 、 和 。此外，首个获许可用于人类疫苗接种的病毒载体疫苗是日本脑炎病毒疫苗。自那时以来，几种病毒载体已被批准用于预防拉沙热、埃博拉、乙型肝炎、戊型肝炎、SARS-CoV-2和疟疾的病毒。VLP是由结构蛋白自组装形成的模拟病毒颗粒的纳米颗粒，基于VLP的乙型和戊型肝炎病毒、人乳头瘤病毒和疟疾疫苗已实现商业化。针对COVID-19疫苗的加速生产证明，这些新方法是疫苗学以及针对病原体和新出现的大流行威胁做出快速反应的重要工具。
