Nugraha Made Hendra Satria
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
J Midlife Health. 2024 Apr-Jun;15(2):55-61. doi: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_29_23. Epub 2024 Jul 5.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of chronic metabolic disease which leads to all kinds of complications. Elderly people with DM have significantly higher fear of falling and balance problem scores as compared to those who did not have DM. This literature review aims: (1) to determine the risk factors for balance disorders in the elderly population with DM, (2) to describe valid and reliable balance measurement tools in the elderly population with DM, and (3) to describe the nonpharmacological management in dealing with balance disorders in the elderly population with DM. Several risk factors that cause balance disorders in the elderly with DM are related to complications of the disease they suffer, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, decreased sensory abilities, decreased motor skills, and decreased cognitive condition of the elderly with DM. Measuring instruments that can be used in the elderly population with DM to assess balance include the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, the Berg Balance Scale, and computerized measuring instruments with center of pressure analysis. Several nonpharmacological interventions are suggested in overcoming balance problems in the elderly with DM, including a combination of balance exercise and gait training, strength or resistance training, aquatic exercise, tai chi, yoga, technology-based exercise, electrotherapy, use of insoles, and whole-body vibrations.
糖尿病（DM）是一种慢性代谢性疾病综合征，会引发各种并发症。与未患糖尿病的老年人相比，患糖尿病的老年人跌倒恐惧和平衡问题得分显著更高。本综述旨在：（1）确定老年糖尿病患者平衡障碍的风险因素，（2）描述老年糖尿病患者中有效且可靠的平衡测量工具，以及（3）描述老年糖尿病患者平衡障碍的非药物管理方法。导致老年糖尿病患者平衡障碍的几个风险因素与他们所患疾病的并发症有关，如糖尿病周围神经病变、感觉能力下降、运动技能下降以及老年糖尿病患者认知状况下降。可用于评估老年糖尿病患者平衡的测量工具包括简易平衡评估系统测试、伯格平衡量表以及具有压力中心分析功能的计算机化测量仪器。建议采用多种非药物干预措施来克服老年糖尿病患者的平衡问题，包括平衡运动与步态训练相结合、力量或阻力训练、水上运动、太极拳运动、瑜伽运动、基于技术的运动、电疗法、使用鞋垫以及全身振动。
