Division of Cardiology and the Pregnancy and Perinatal Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and the Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Sep 1;144(3):346-357. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005672. Epub 2024 Jul 2.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with significantly increased risk of developing future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obstetricians play a crucial role in CVD prevention for postpartum women and birthing people with HDP because they are primarily responsible for immediate postpartum management and can assist with care transitions to other health care practitioners for long-term management of CVD risk factors. Standardized calculators can be used to evaluate long-term CVD risk, which can help guide intensity of treatment. Emerging technologies such as remote blood pressure monitoring demonstrate promise for improving outcomes among patients with HDP. After HDP, all patients should be advised of their increased CVD risk. A plan should be made to initiate lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive therapy to achieve optimal blood pressure control with a target of lower than 130/80 mm Hg, assess lipids within 2-3 years of delivery, and evaluate for development of type 2 diabetes. Other CVD risk factors such as nicotine use should similarly be identified and addressed. In this review, we summarize the essential components of managing CVD risk after a pregnancy complicated by HDP, including blood pressure monitoring, risk stratification tools, and evidence-based lifestyle recommendations.
妊娠高血压疾病(HDP)与未来发生心血管疾病(CVD)的风险显著增加相关。妇产科医生在预防产后妇女和 HDP 分娩者的 CVD 方面发挥着至关重要的作用,因为他们主要负责产后的即时管理,并可以协助进行护理交接,以便由其他医疗保健从业者进行 CVD 危险因素的长期管理。标准化计算器可用于评估长期 CVD 风险,这有助于指导治疗强度。新兴技术,如远程血压监测,在改善 HDP 患者的预后方面显示出希望。HDP 后,应告知所有患者其 CVD 风险增加。应制定计划,启动生活方式改变和降压治疗,以实现低于 130/80mmHg 的目标血压控制,在分娩后 2-3 年内评估血脂,并评估是否发生 2 型糖尿病。还应同样识别和处理其他 CVD 风险因素,如尼古丁使用。在本综述中,我们总结了管理 HDP 妊娠后 CVD 风险的基本要素,包括血压监测、风险分层工具和基于证据的生活方式建议。