Lynam Marie, Keatley David, Maker Garth, Coumbaros John
School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
School of Law, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
Forensic Sci Int Synerg. 2024 Jul 22;9:100545. doi: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100545. eCollection 2024.
Little is known about the prevalence of incapacitating substances present in drug facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA). Presented here is a literature review conducted to provide background information, such as symptoms, exacerbations, and drug interactions, on drugs typically implicated in DFSA, namely gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), ketamine, diazepam, oxycodone, methamphetamine, and alcohol. Literature found through Scopus and Pubmed was reviewed to determine the current prevalence of these substances in DFSA with a focus on Australian data. The global literature revealed that there is a wide variety of substances used in DFSA and the prevalence varied by country. For example, it was found that in Northern Ireland, opioids were most prevalent whereas in France, benzodiazepines were most prevalent. In Australia the review revealed a lack of contemporary data with the most recent report in Victoria using data collected during 2011-2013. The literature also revealed there can be an important difference between self-reported substance use and substances discovered via toxicological analysis. This can be due to the challenges of biological detection, reliability of self-reporting, and the possibility of a substance being introduced to a person's food or drink without their knowledge. This review highlights the need for the collection and analysis of current data pertaining to DFSA reports and the drugs detected, and due to the constantly evolving picture of both licit and illicit drug use an assessment of the role of prescription medications in DFSA due to drug-drug interactions as well as potential to incapacitate is warranted.
关于药物辅助性性侵（DFSA）中存在的使人丧失能力的物质的流行情况，人们了解甚少。本文呈现了一项文献综述，旨在提供与DFSA中通常涉及的药物相关的背景信息，如症状、病情加重情况及药物相互作用，这些药物包括γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）、γ-丁内酯（GBL）、1,4-丁二醇（1,4-BD）、氯胺酮、地西泮、羟考酮、甲基苯丙胺和酒精。通过Scopus和Pubmed检索到的文献进行了综述，以确定这些物质在DFSA中的当前流行情况，重点关注澳大利亚的数据。全球文献显示，DFSA中使用的物质种类繁多，且流行情况因国家而异。例如，研究发现，在北爱尔兰，阿片类药物最为普遍，而在法国，苯二氮䓬类药物最为普遍。在澳大利亚，该综述显示缺乏当代数据，维多利亚州的最新报告使用的是2011 - 2013年期间收集的数据。文献还显示，自我报告的物质使用情况与通过毒理学分析发现的物质之间可能存在重要差异。这可能是由于生物检测的挑战、自我报告的可靠性以及物质可能在个人不知情的情况下被添加到食物或饮料中的可能性。本综述强调了收集和分析与DFSA报告及检测到的药物相关的当前数据的必要性，并且鉴于合法和非法药物使用情况不断变化，有必要评估处方药因药物相互作用以及使人丧失能力的可能性在DFSA中的作用。
