Khan Muhammad Shah Nawaz, Khan Muhammad Imran, Saqlain Ali, Umer Shehryar, Haider Maithem, Ashiq Khubaib
Physiology, HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, PAK.
Emergency Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 16;16(7):e64670. doi: 10.7759/cureus.64670. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially coronary artery disease (CAD), are a major health burden, and their incidence is rising in countries like Pakistan.
The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence and association of cardiovascular risk factors with CAD in Pakistani adults.
The research was carried out from January 2023 to December 2023 at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad and Shifa International Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan, using a cross-sectional design. Based on predefined criteria, 320 individuals who were Pakistani nationals and over the age of 18 years old were included. Those having a history of congenital heart disease, pregnancy, significant comorbidities, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were excluded. Medical, lifestyle, and demographic data were collected, and clinical evaluations were carried out by qualified healthcare workers. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and relevant statistical tests. A p<0.05 was statistically significant.
The study investigated cardiovascular risk factors and demographic traits in 320 adult Pakistanis. The majority of participants (n=181; 56.56%) were male and aged between 18 and 45. University education was predominant (n=170; 53.13%). Specifically, 147 participants (45.94%) had dyslipidemia, 74 (23.12%) had diabetes mellitus, and 112 (35.0%) had hypertension. Diabetes mellitus (OR: 9.60, 95% CI: 4.52-20.38, p<0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.29-2.75, p=0.001), and hypertension (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.72-4.15, p<0.001) showed significant correlations with CAD. Poor socioeconomic status (OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.31-6.89, p=0.009) and genetic propensity (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.02-3.92, p=0.040) were also significantly associated with CAD.
Our study highlights diabetes as strongly linked to CAD in Pakistani adults, while socioeconomic status emerges as a significant predictor.
心血管疾病（CVDs），尤其是冠状动脉疾病（CAD），是一项重大的健康负担，在巴基斯坦等国家其发病率正在上升。
本研究的目的是评估巴基斯坦成年人中心血管危险因素的患病率及其与CAD的关联。
该研究于2023年1月至2023年12月在巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡的巴基斯坦医学科学研究所（PIMS）和伊斯兰堡的希法国际医院进行，采用横断面设计。根据预先定义的标准，纳入了320名巴基斯坦国民且年龄在18岁以上的个体。排除有先天性心脏病、妊娠、重大合并症、冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）或经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）病史的个体。收集了医疗、生活方式和人口统计学数据，并由合格的医护人员进行临床评估。使用描述性统计和相关统计检验对数据进行分析。p<0.05具有统计学意义。
该研究调查了320名成年巴基斯坦人的心血管危险因素和人口特征。大多数参与者（n = 181；56.56%）为男性，年龄在18至45岁之间。大学学历占主导（n = 170；53.13%）。具体而言，147名参与者（45.94%）患有血脂异常，74名（23.12%）患有糖尿病，112名（35.0%）患有高血压。糖尿病（OR：9.60，95%CI：4.52 - 20.38，p<0.001）、血脂异常（OR：1.88，95%CI：1.29 - 2.75，p = 0.00１）和高血压（OR：2.67，95%CI：1.72 - 4.15，p<0.001）与CAD显示出显著相关性。社会经济地位低下（OR：3.00，95%CI：1.31 - 6.89，p = 0.009）和遗传倾向（OR：2.00，95%CI：1.02 - 3.92，p = 0.040）也与CAD显著相关。
我们的研究强调糖尿病与巴基斯坦成年人心血管疾病密切相关，而社会经济地位是一个重要的预测因素。
