Demis Abrham, Altaye Birhanetensay Masresha, Emiru Mulugeta, Tefera Mitiku
Department of Midwifery Debre Birhan Health Science College, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmacy Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Birhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2024 Aug 7;2024:6668480. doi: 10.1155/2024/6668480. eCollection 2024.
Self-medication practice is the use of medicine without consulting health professionals to treat self-recognized illness by the general population including pregnant women. Inappropriate self-medication practice during pregnancy may pose harmful consequences for the fetus as well as the mother. There is not given much attention on the practice of self-medication among pregnant women in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication practice and associated factors among pregnant women who attended antenatal care at North Shewa Zone public hospitals.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 01, 2022 to July 30, 2022, among 650 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at North Shewa Zone public hospitals. A multistage sampling technique was employed. The questionnaires were pretested. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and reviewed medical records were used for data collection. Epi-data version 4.6.2 and SPSS version 20 were utilized for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify associated factors, and values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
The prevalence of self-medication practice among pregnant women was 65.38%. Housewives (AOR = 0.097 95% CI 0.030, 0.310), farmers (AOR = 0.117, 95% CI 0.028, 0.493), people with health insurance (AOR = 0.507, 95% CI 0.300, 0.858), and people in preconception care (AOR = 0.038, 95% CI 0.011-0.135) were less likely to practice self-medication, while people with primary education (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.217, 7.435), income less than 3,000 birr (AOR = 5.46, 95% CI 1.41, 21.1), participants in the first (AOR = 4.183, 95% CI 2.12, 8.24) and second trimesters (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.18, 3.56), pregnant women who lived in rural areas (AOR = 1.579, 95% CI 1.103-2.260), and people who previously practiced self-medication (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI 5.04, 13.3) were more likely to practice self-medication.
From the present finding, it can be concluded that self-medication among pregnant women is high. Previous self-medication practice, gestation period, educational status, monthly income, no preconception care, no health insurance, being a housewife, farmer, and place of residence were significantly associated with self-medication practice. Therefore, preventive measures such as proper counseling during dispensing, awareness creation programs on preconception care, and enrolling in health insurance programs to minimize the practice of self-medication are necessary.
自我药疗是指普通人群（包括孕妇）在未咨询医疗专业人员的情况下使用药物来治疗自我认定的疾病。孕期不恰当的自我药疗行为可能会对胎儿以及母亲造成有害后果。在我们所处的环境中，孕妇的自我药疗行为并未得到太多关注。因此，本研究旨在评估在北谢瓦地区公立医院接受产前检查的孕妇中自我药疗行为的患病率及其相关因素。
于2022年6月1日至2022年7月30日，在北谢瓦地区公立医院对650名接受产前检查的孕妇开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术。问卷进行了预测试。通过结构化访谈式问卷和查阅医疗记录来收集数据。分别使用Epi-data 4.6.2版本和SPSS 20版本进行数据录入和分析。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归以确定相关因素，P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
孕妇中自我药疗行为的患病率为65.38%。家庭主妇（调整后比值比[AOR]=0.097，95%置信区间[CI] 0.030，0.310）、农民（AOR = 0.117，95% CI 0.028，0.493）、有医疗保险的人（AOR = 0.507，95% CI 0.300，0.858）以及接受孕前保健的人（AOR = 0.038，95% CI 0.011 - 0.135）进行自我药疗的可能性较小，而小学文化程度的人（AOR = 3.00，95% CI 1.217，7.435）、月收入低于3000比尔的人（AOR = 5.46，95% CI 1.41，21.1）、处于孕早期（AOR = 4.183，95% CI 2.12，8.24）和孕中期（AOR = 2.05，95% CI 1.18，3.56）的孕妇、居住在农村地区的孕妇（AOR = 1.579，95% CI 1.103 - 2.260）以及之前有过自我药疗行为的人（AOR = 8.2，95% CI 5.04，13.3）进行自我药疗的可能性较大。
从目前的研究结果可以得出结论，孕妇中的自我药疗情况较为普遍。既往自我药疗行为、妊娠期、教育程度、月收入、未接受孕前保健、未参加医疗保险、家庭主妇、农民身份以及居住地点与自我药疗行为显著相关。因此，有必要采取预防措施，如配药时进行适当的咨询、开展孕前保健意识创建项目以及参加医疗保险项目，以尽量减少自我药疗行为。
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