Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2384192. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2384192. Epub 2024 Aug 16.
Immune imprinting is a phenomenon that stems from the fundamentals of immunological memory. Upon recurrent exposures to an evolving pathogen, the immune system must weigh the benefits of rapidly recalling established antibody repertoires with greater affinity to the initial variant or invest additional time and energy in producing responses specific to the emerging variant. In this review, we delve into the mechanistic complexities of immune imprinting and its role in shaping subsequent immune responses, both and recall, against rapidly evolving respiratory viruses such as influenza and coronaviruses. By exploring the duality of immune imprinting, we examine its potential to both enhance or hinder immune protection against disease, while emphasizing the role of host and viral factors. Finally, we explore how different vaccine platforms may affect immune imprinting and comment on vaccine strategies that can favor variant-specific antibody responses.
免疫印迹是一种源自免疫记忆基本原理的现象。当反复暴露于不断进化的病原体时，免疫系统必须权衡快速回忆具有更高亲和力的初始变体的既定抗体库的好处，还是投入更多时间和精力产生针对新兴变体的特异性反应。在这篇综述中，我们深入探讨了免疫印迹的机制复杂性及其在塑造对流感和冠状病毒等快速进化的呼吸道病毒的后续免疫反应（包括初次和回忆反应）中的作用。通过探索免疫印迹的双重性，我们研究了它增强或阻碍针对疾病的免疫保护的潜力，同时强调宿主和病毒因素的作用。最后，我们探讨了不同的疫苗平台如何影响免疫印迹，并对有利于特定变异体抗体反应的疫苗策略进行了评论。
