Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 2024 Sep;82(3):205-209.
Research surrounding the biomechanics and video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries at the professional level has emerged in recent years as a tool to screen athletes for potential biomechanical deficits. The purpose of this study was to analyze and discuss the most common mechanism, body position, and activity at the time of ACL injury among NBA players.
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries over 10 consecutive NBA seasons (2009-2010 to 2019-2020) were reviewed from publicly available sources. A 10-question survey was developed and utilized to analyze each video clip. These questions were divided into three categories: 1. contact mechanism, 2. activity at the time of injury, and 3. position of the involved lower extremity at the time of injury. Two reviewers analyzed the videos individually, and differing answers were resolved via consensus review, with a senior author arbitrating in the case of any discrepancies.
Overall, 23 ACL ruptures were included. The most common injury mechanism was indirect contact with another player without knee contact (56.5%), and no patients had an ACL rupture as a result of direct knee contact with another player. The most common action at the time of injury was pivoting (47%), and the most common basketball action was dribbling (43.5%). Additionally, the vast majority of patients were injured while on offense (91.3%). The most common knee positions were early flexion (73.9%) and abduction (95.7%). The most common foot positions were abduction relative to the knee (82.6%), in eversion (73.9%), and dorsiflexion (56.5%). The most common hip position was early flexion (87%), and all hips were abducted (100%).
Our study found that the majority of ACL ruptures occurred during offensive play and over half were secondary to contact with an opposing player (but without a direct blow to the injured knee), indicating that such perturbations may alter the kinematics of the players' movement. Additionally, a large majority of ACL injuries occurred while the hip was abducted with the knee in abduction relative to the hip and while the knee was in early flexion from 0° to 45°.
近年来，随着生物力学和前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的视频分析技术在专业水平上的发展，它已成为一种筛选运动员潜在生物力学缺陷的工具。本研究的目的是分析和讨论 NBA 球员 ACL 损伤的最常见机制、体位和活动。
从公开来源回顾了 10 个连续 NBA 赛季（2009-2010 年至 2019-2020 年）的 ACL 损伤。开发并使用了一个 10 个问题的调查来分析每个视频片段。这些问题分为三类：1.接触机制，2.受伤时的活动，3.受伤时下肢的位置。两名审查员分别分析视频，不同的答案通过共识审查解决，如有任何分歧，则由资深作者仲裁。
总体而言，共有 23 例 ACL 撕裂。最常见的损伤机制是与另一名球员无膝接触的间接接触（56.5%），没有患者因与另一名球员的直接膝接触而导致 ACL 撕裂。受伤时最常见的动作是旋转（47%），最常见的篮球动作是运球（43.5%）。此外，绝大多数患者受伤时处于进攻状态（91.3%）。最常见的膝关节位置为早期屈曲（73.9%）和外展（95.7%）。最常见的足部位置为相对于膝关节的外展（82.6%）、外翻（73.9%）和背屈（56.5%）。最常见的髋关节位置为早期屈曲（87%），所有髋关节均外展（100%）。
我们的研究发现，大多数 ACL 撕裂发生在进攻过程中，超过一半是由于与对方球员接触引起的（但没有直接打击受伤的膝盖），这表明这种干扰可能会改变球员运动的运动学。此外，绝大多数 ACL 损伤发生在髋关节外展和膝关节相对于髋关节外展以及膝关节从 0°到 45°早期屈曲时。
