State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, No. 399 BinShuiXi Road, XiQing District, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
ChinaTianjin Research Institute of Construction Machinery, No.91 Huashi Road, Beichen Technology Park, Tianjin, 300409, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2024 Sep;364:143091. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143091. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
The necessity for effective wastewater treatment and purification has grown as a result of the increasing pollution issues brought on by industrial and municipal wastewater. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology stands out when compared to other treatment methods because of its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, small footprint, and ease of maintenance. However, the development and application of membrane bioreactors has been severely constrained by the higher cost and shorter service life of these devices brought on by membrane biofouling issues resulting from contaminants and bacteria in the water. The nanoscale size of the electrospinning products provides unique microstructure, and the technology facilitates the production of structurally different membranes, or the modification and functionalization of membranes, which makes it possible to solve the membrane fouling problem. Therefore, many current studies have attempted to use electrospinning in MBRs to address membrane fouling and ultimately improve treatment efficacy. Meanwhile, in addition to solving the problem of membrane fouling, the fabrication technology of electrospinning also shows great advantages in constructing thin porous fiber membrane materials with controllable surface wettability and layered structure, which is helpful for the performance enhancement of MBR and expanding innovation. This paper systematically reviews the application and research progress of electrospinning in MBRs. Firstly, the current status of the application of electrospinning technology in various MBRs is introduced, and the relevant measures to solve the membrane fouling based on electrospinning technology are analyzed. Subsequently, some new types of MBRs and new application areas developed with the help of electrospinning technology are introduced. Finally, the limitations and challenges of merging the two technologies are presented, and pertinent recommendations are provided for future research on the use of electrospinning technology in membrane bioreactors.
由于工业和城市废水带来的污染问题日益严重，高效的废水处理和净化变得十分必要。与其他处理方法相比，膜生物反应器（MBR）技术具有高效、环保、占地面积小、易于维护等优点。然而，由于水中的污染物和细菌导致的膜生物污染问题，使得膜的成本更高、使用寿命更短，这严重限制了膜生物反应器的发展和应用。静电纺丝产品的纳米级尺寸提供了独特的微观结构，并且该技术有利于生产具有不同结构的膜，或者对膜进行改性和功能化，从而有可能解决膜污染问题。因此，许多当前的研究都试图在 MBR 中使用静电纺丝来解决膜污染问题，最终提高处理效果。同时，除了解决膜污染问题外，静电纺丝的制造技术在构建具有可控表面润湿性和分层结构的超薄多孔纤维膜材料方面也显示出巨大的优势，有助于提高 MBR 的性能和拓展创新。本文系统地综述了静电纺丝在 MBR 中的应用和研究进展。首先介绍了静电纺丝技术在各种 MBR 中的应用现状，并分析了基于静电纺丝技术解决膜污染的相关措施。随后介绍了一些借助静电纺丝技术开发的新型 MBR 和新的应用领域。最后，提出了两种技术融合的局限性和挑战，并对未来静电纺丝技术在膜生物反应器中的应用研究提出了建议。
