Insect Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram, Kerala 673635, India; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Finland.
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Finland.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2024 Oct;65:101253. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101253. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
The composition and dynamics of ecological communities are complex because of the presence of large numbers of organisms, belonging to many different species, each with their own evolutionary history, and their numerous interactions. The construction and analysis of trophic webs summarize interactions across trophic levels and link community structure to properties such as ecosystem services. We focus on agroecological communities, which may be simpler than natural communities but nonetheless present considerable challenges to describe and understand. We review the characteristics and study of communities comprised of plants, phytophagous insects, and insect parasitoids with particular regard to the maintenance of sustainable agroecological communities and ecosystem services, especially biological pest control. We are constrained to largely overlook other members of these communities, such as hyperparasitoids, predators, parasites, and microbes. We draw chiefly on recent literature while acknowledging the importance of many advances made during the immediately preceding decades. Trophic web construction and analysis can greatly improve the understanding of the role and impact of herbivores and natural enemies in agroecological communities and the various species interactions, such as apparent competition, which assists biocontrol strategies. The study of trophic webs also helps in predicting community ecology consequences of externally driven changes to agroecosystems.
由于大量生物的存在，生态群落的组成和动态非常复杂，这些生物分属于许多不同的物种，每个物种都有其自身的进化历史和众多相互作用。营养网络的构建和分析总结了营养水平上的相互作用，并将群落结构与生态系统服务等特性联系起来。我们专注于农业生态群落，这些群落可能比自然群落简单，但在描述和理解上仍然存在相当大的挑战。我们回顾了由植物、植食性昆虫和昆虫寄生蜂组成的群落的特征和研究，特别关注可持续农业生态群落和生态系统服务的维持，特别是生物防治害虫。我们主要限于忽略这些群落中的其他成员，如重寄生蜂、捕食者、寄生虫和微生物。我们主要借鉴了最近的文献，同时也承认在过去几十年中取得的许多进展的重要性。营养网络的构建和分析可以极大地提高对农业生态群落中草食动物和天敌的作用和影响的理解，以及各种种间相互作用，如拟态竞争，这有助于生物防治策略。对营养网络的研究还有助于预测农业生态系统外部驱动变化对群落生态学的影响。
