Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175527. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175527. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
The Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) is one of the areas in China most severely affected by harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study explored the distributive patterns of HABs in the YRE and how they are influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other environmental factors. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed to detect and quantify the four predominant HAB species in the YRE, Karenia mikimotoi, Margalefidinium polykrikoides, Prorocentrum donghaiense, and Heterosigma akashiwo. Additionally, the study analyzed how turbidity, pH, salinity, and temperature influence these algae. Distribution of the four HAB species in the YRE area shows clear geographical variations: K. mikimotoi is predominantly found in the northwest and central sea areas, M. polykrikoides (East Asian Ribotype, EAR) is mainly distributed in the southeastern part, P. donghaiense is abundant in the northern regions, and H. akashiwo is especially prevalent at stations S26 and S27 in the northeastern part of the study area. HABs dominated by H. akashiwo and P. donghaiense were observed in the northeastern sea area of the YRE on July 22, 2020. Our study reveals that K. mikimotoi, M. polykrikoides (EAR), and P. donghaiense are mainly affected by turbidity, pH, and salinity, while temperature predominantly influences the blooms of H. akashiwo. Moreover, runoff in the YRE has a certain correlation with ENSO events, which may also impact the nutrient content of the region. The findings of this study illustrate the distributive patterns of the four HAB species under various ecological conditions in the YRE and emphasize the importance of establishing practical cases for future warning systems. To better understand how climate change affects HABs, exploring the link between ENSO and HABs is essential.
长江口（YRE）是中国受有害藻华（HAB）影响最严重的地区之一。本研究探讨了长江口 HAB 的分布模式以及厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）和其他环境因素对其的影响。采用定量实时 PCR（qPCR）检测和定量长江口的四种主要 HAB 物种，即米氏凯伦藻、多边膝沟藻、东海原甲藻和夜光藻。此外，本研究还分析了浊度、pH 值、盐度和温度对这些藻类的影响。长江口地区四种 HAB 物种的分布表现出明显的地理变化：米氏凯伦藻主要分布在西北部和中部海域，多边膝沟藻（东亚株型，EAR）主要分布在东南部，东海原甲藻在北部丰富，夜光藻在研究区东北部的 S26 和 S27 站特别盛行。2020 年 7 月 22 日，长江口东北部海域出现了以夜光藻和东海原甲藻为主的 HAB。本研究表明，米氏凯伦藻、多边膝沟藻（EAR）和东海原甲藻主要受浊度、pH 值和盐度影响，而温度主要影响夜光藻的爆发。此外，长江口的径流量与厄尔尼诺事件有一定的相关性，这也可能影响该地区的营养物质含量。本研究结果说明了长江口四种 HAB 物种在各种生态条件下的分布模式，并强调了建立未来预警系统实用案例的重要性。为了更好地了解气候变化对 HAB 的影响，探索 ENSO 与 HAB 之间的联系至关重要。
