Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit PSMar-UPF-ASPB (Parc de Salut Mar - Pompeu Fabra University - Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 25, 29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. de Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain.
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. de Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Public Health. 2024 Nov;236:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.012. Epub 2024 Aug 17.
Adolescence is a crucial life stage that can lead to excess weight and body dissatisfaction. Social inequalities in these issues may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyze the presence of socioeconomic inequalities and their changes in these inequalities stratified by sex in 13- to 19-year-olds in a large Mediterranean city (Barcelona, Spain).
Cross-sectional population-based study.
We used data from the 2016 and 2021 editions of the FRESC survey, which is a representative citywide survey that captures various aspects of adolescent health. Excess weight was determined by objective body mass index measurements. Body dissatisfaction was defined as the discrepancy between perceived and desired body shape. Socioeconomic status was divided into five pseudo-quintiles by using the Family Affluence Scale. We calculated the corresponding prevalence estimates and fitted robust Poisson regression models to estimate both simple and complex measures of inequality, including relative and absolute differences between the two survey years.
The overall prevalence of excess weight increased from 25.3% [23.9-26.6] to 29.8% [28.2-31.4] between 2016 and 2021. Similarly, body dissatisfaction increased from 44.2% [42.6-45.8] to 60.4% [58.7-62]. Socioeconomic inequalities in excess weight significantly increased in girls (adjusted ratio of the relative index of inequalities = 1.72 [1.08; 2.74] but not in boys. No significant changes were detected in body dissatisfaction in either girls or boys.
Our findings highlight the presence of a sex-specific change in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent well-being regarding excess weight and body dissatisfaction. These results underscore the need for local public policies to improve social equity in adolescent health.
青春期是一个关键的人生阶段，可能导致超重和身体不满。在这些问题上的社会不平等可能因 COVID-19 大流行而加剧。我们旨在分析 13 至 19 岁的大型地中海城市（西班牙巴塞罗那）中存在的社会经济不平等现象及其按性别分层的这些不平等现象的变化。
横断面基于人群的研究。
我们使用了 2016 年和 2021 年 FRESC 调查的资料，该调查是一项具有代表性的全市范围调查，涵盖了青少年健康的各个方面。超重通过客观的体重指数测量确定。身体不满被定义为感知到的和期望的体型之间的差异。社会经济地位通过家庭富裕量表分为五个伪五分位数。我们计算了相应的流行率估计值，并拟合了稳健泊松回归模型，以估计简单和复杂的不平等衡量标准，包括两个调查年份之间的相对和绝对差异。
2016 年至 2021 年期间，超重的总体流行率从 25.3%[23.9-26.6]上升到 29.8%[28.2-31.4]。同样，身体不满从 44.2%[42.6-45.8]上升到 60.4%[58.7-62]。女孩超重的社会经济不平等显著增加（调整后的相对不平等指数比=1.72[1.08; 2.74]，但男孩没有。在女孩或男孩中，身体不满均未发生显著变化。
我们的研究结果强调了青春期在超重和身体不满方面的幸福感方面，社会经济不平等存在性别特异性变化。这些结果强调需要地方公共政策来改善青少年健康的社会公平。
