Wicaksono A, Edwardes F, Steeneveld W, van den Borne B H P, Pinho P, Randi F, Hogeveen H
Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Division, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia.
Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands.
J Dairy Sci. 2024 Dec;107(12):11016-11035. doi: 10.3168/jds.2023-24109. Epub 2024 Aug 16.
Hormone-based reproductive management programs can be beneficial to improve dairy cow's reproductive performance. This study aimed to compare the economic impact of reproductive management programs using systematic hormonal treatments to individual cows with a specific DIM range, with a reproductive management program using cow-specific hormonal treatment based on a veterinary diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction during a fertility check. An existing individual cow-based, dynamic, and stochastic bio-economic simulation model, mimicking the production dynamics of a 200 cow-herd in daily time steps, was extended with ovarian dysfunction and fertility inputs. Four hormone-based reproductive management programs were modeled. In the default reproductive management program, reflecting the current reproductive management of Dutch herds, lactating dairy cows are inseminated based on detection of estrus and noncyclic dairy cows are treated with hormones based on a veterinary diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction during a fertility check. Hormone treatments prescribed by the veterinarian for anestrus, cystic, and subestrus cows were an 8-d progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID)-synch protocol (PRIDsynch), an Ovsynch protocol, and a PGF treatment, respectively. The 3 other reproductive management programs reflected systematic hormonal treatments to cows at specific DIM and included (1) a Double-Ovsynch protocol for times AI (TAI) with nonpregnant cows submitted to a resynchronization protocol (FTAI), (2) a Double-Ovsynch protocol for TAI with nonpregnant cows detected in estrus or submitted to a resynchronization protocol (FTAI+ED), and (3) detection of estrus with cows not detected submitted to a PRIDsynch protocol (ED+TAI). All nonpregnant cows were submitted to a resynchronization protocol based on the absence (PRIDsynch) or presence (Ovsynch protocol) of a corpus luteum. The annual mean net economic return (NER) was calculated for all reproductive management programs. Compared with the default reproductive management program, the highest NER was observed for the FTAI+ED reproductive management program with €23,764 higher net revenues, followed by the FTAI and the ED+TAI reproductive management programs with €19,550 and €14,314 higher net revenues, respectively. Overall, systematic hormone-based reproductive management programs gave higher costs due to more hormones administered and higher calving and feed costs due to more pregnant cows. Nevertheless, the additional revenues of milk and calves in the systematic hormone-based reproductive management programs outweighed the total cost. For instance, the FTAI+ED reproductive management program gave €8,953 higher total cost per year compared with the default but with €32,654 higher revenues. In summary, reproductive management programs where hormones were systematically used gave economic advantages over the current default reproductive management program in which hormones are administered to individual cows based on a veterinary diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction during a fertility check.
基于激素的繁殖管理方案有助于提高奶牛的繁殖性能。本研究旨在比较针对特定产犊间隔(DIM)范围的个体奶牛进行系统性激素处理的繁殖管理方案,与基于繁殖力检查时兽医诊断的卵巢功能障碍进行奶牛特异性激素处理的繁殖管理方案的经济影响。一个现有的基于个体奶牛的动态随机生物经济模拟模型,以每日时间步长模拟200头奶牛群的生产动态,扩展了卵巢功能障碍和繁殖力输入。对四种基于激素的繁殖管理方案进行了建模。在默认的繁殖管理方案中,反映了荷兰奶牛群目前的繁殖管理情况,泌乳奶牛根据发情检测进行授精,非周期性奶牛根据繁殖力检查时兽医诊断的卵巢功能障碍进行激素处理。兽医为乏情、囊肿和亚发情奶牛规定的激素处理分别是8天孕酮释放阴道装置(PRID)同步方案(PRIDsynch)、Ovsynch方案和PGF处理。其他三种繁殖管理方案反映了对特定DIM的奶牛进行系统性激素处理,包括:(1)对未怀孕奶牛进行定时人工授精(TAI)的双Ovsynch方案,并进行再同步方案(FTAI);(2)对发情检测到或进行再同步方案(FTAI+ED)的未怀孕奶牛进行TAI的双Ovsynch方案;(3)对未检测到发情的奶牛进行PRIDsynch方案(ED+TAI)检测发情。所有未怀孕奶牛根据黄体的有无进行再同步方案(PRIDsynch)或(Ovsynch方案)。计算了所有繁殖管理方案的年平均净经济回报(NER)。与默认的繁殖管理方案相比,FTAI+ED繁殖管理方案的NER最高,净收入高出23,764欧元,其次是FTAI和ED+TAI繁殖管理方案,净收入分别高出19,550欧元和14,314欧元。总体而言,基于系统性激素的繁殖管理方案由于使用了更多激素以及由于怀孕奶牛增多导致更高的产犊和饲料成本,成本更高。然而,基于系统性激素的繁殖管理方案中牛奶和犊牛的额外收入超过了总成本。例如,FTAI+ED繁殖管理方案与默认方案相比,每年总成本高出8,953欧元,但收入高出32,654欧元。总之,系统性使用激素的繁殖管理方案比目前基于繁殖力检查时兽医诊断的卵巢功能障碍对个体奶牛进行激素处理的默认繁殖管理方案具有经济优势。