Transition is associated with lower disease activity, fewer relapses, better medication adherence, and lower lost-to-follow-up rate as opposed to self-transfer in pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease patients: results of a longitudinal, follow-up, controlled study.

BACKGROUND

Despite the continuously rising rate of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel diseases (PIBD), there are no consensus transitional guidelines or standardized practices.

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to examine: (1) the determinants of a successful transfer, (2) the effects of the transfer transition on the disease course and patient compliance, (3) the unique characteristics of PIBD patients, that need special attention in adult care.

DESIGN

Longitudinal, follow-up, controlled study conducted between 2001 and 2022, with retrospective data collection until 2018, thence prospective.

METHODS

Three hundred fifty-one PIBD patients enrolled in the study, of whom 152 were moved to adult care, with a mean post-transfer follow-up time of 3 years. Seventy-three patients took part in structured transition, whereas 79 self-transferred to adult care. The main outcome measures were disease activity (defined by PCDAI, PUCAI, CDAI, and Mayo-scores) and course, hospitalizations, surgeries, IBD-related complications, including anthropometry and bone density, patient compliance, medication adherence, and continuation of medical care.

RESULTS

Patients who underwent structured transition spent significantly more time in remission (83.6% ± 28.5% 77.5% ± 29.7%,  0.0339) and had better adherence to their medications (31.9% 16.4% non-adherence rate,  0.0455) in adult care, with self-transferred patients having a 1.59-fold increased risk of discontinuing their medical care and a 1.88-fold increased risk of experiencing a relapse. Post-transfer the compliance of patients deteriorated (38.5% 29%,  0.0002), with the highest lost-to-follow-up rate during the changing period between the healthcare systems (12.7%), in which female gender was a risk factor ( 0.010). PIBD patients had experienced IBD-related complications (23.4%) and former surgeries (15%) upon arriving at adult care, with high rates of malnutrition, growth impairment, and poor bone health.

CONCLUSION

Structured transition plays a key role in ensuring the best disease course and lowering the lost-to-follow-up rate among PIBD patients.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Structured transition plays a key role in ensuring the best disease outcome among PIBD patients, as in our study it was associated with lower disease activity, fewer relapses, better medication adherence, and lower lost-to-follow-up rate as opposed to self-transfer.