Laboratory of Chromatography (CROMA), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Scientific Police, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2024 Oct;416(24):5233-5253. doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05458-8. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for analyzing complex biological samples. Among various chromatographic stationary phases, porous graphitic carbon (PGC) columns have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties-such as the ability to separate both polar and non-polar compounds and their stability through all pH ranges and to high temperatures-besides the compatibility with LC-MS. This review discusses the applicability of PGC for SPE and separation in LC-MS-based analyses of human biological samples, highlighting the diverse applications of PGC-LC-MS in analyzing endogenous metabolites, pharmaceuticals, and biomarkers, such as glycans, proteins, oligosaccharides, sugar phosphates, and nucleotides. Additionally, the fundamental principles underlying PGC column chemistry and its advantages, challenges, and advances in method development are explored. This comprehensive review aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a valuable resource for understanding the capabilities and limitations of PGC columns in LC-MS-based analysis of human biological samples, thereby facilitating advancements in analytical methodologies and biomedical research.
液相色谱-质谱联用技术（LC-MS）已成为分析复杂生物样本的强大分析技术。在各种色谱固定相当中，多孔石墨碳（PGC）柱因其独特的性质而备受关注，例如能够分离极性和非极性化合物，在所有 pH 值范围和高温下稳定，并且与 LC-MS 兼容。本文综述了 PGC 在 SPE 和 LC-MS 分析人类生物样本中的分离适用性，重点介绍了 PGC-LC-MS 在分析内源性代谢物、药物和生物标志物（如糖胺聚糖、蛋白质、寡糖、糖磷酸酯和核苷酸）方面的多种应用。此外，还探讨了 PGC 柱化学的基本原理及其优势、挑战和方法开发方面的进展。本综述旨在为研究人员和从业者提供有价值的资源，以了解 PGC 柱在基于 LC-MS 的人类生物样本分析中的能力和局限性，从而促进分析方法学和生物医学研究的进展。
