Song Yingjie, Long Chunlin, Wang Ying, An Yuxing, Lu Yinglin
Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2025 May;45(3):530-555. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2373282. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Buckwheat ( spp.) is a typical pseudocereal, valued for its extensive nutraceutical potential as well as its centuries-old cultivation. Tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat have been used globally and become well-known nutritious foods due to their high quantities of: proteins, flavonoids, and minerals. Moreover, its increasing demand makes it critical to improve nutraceutical, traits and yield. In this review, bioactive compounds accumulated in buckwheat were comprehensively evaluated according to their chemical structure, properties, and physiological function. Biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fagopyrin were methodically summarized, with the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Although there are classic synthesis pathways presented in the previous research, the metabolic flow of how these certain compounds are being synthesized in buckwheat still remains uncovered. The functional genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols, stress response, and plant development were identified based on multi-omics research. Furthermore, it delves into the applications of multi-omics in improving buckwheat's agronomic traits, including: yield, nutritional content, stress resilience, and bioactive compounds biosynthesis. While pangenomics combined with other omics to mine elite genes, the regulatory network and mechanism of specific agronomic traits and biosynthetic of bioactive components, and developing a more efficient genetic transformation system for genetic engineering require further investigation for the execution of breeding designs aimed at enhancing desirable traits in buckwheat. This critical review will provide a comprehensive understanding of multi-omics for nutraceutical enhancement and traits improvement in buckwheat.
荞麦（荞麦属）是一种典型的假谷物，因其广泛的营养保健潜力以及悠久的种植历史而受到重视。苦荞和甜荞在全球范围内都有应用，并因其富含蛋白质、黄酮类化合物和矿物质而成为著名的营养食品。此外，对其不断增长的需求使得改善其营养保健特性和产量至关重要。在这篇综述中，根据荞麦中积累的生物活性化合物的化学结构、性质和生理功能进行了全面评估。系统地总结了黄酮类化合物、酚酸和荞麦素的生物合成途径以及黄酮类生物合成的调控。尽管先前的研究中提出了经典的合成途径，但这些特定化合物在荞麦中是如何合成的代谢流仍未被揭示。基于多组学研究确定了参与黄酮醇生物合成、应激反应和植物发育的功能基因。此外，还深入探讨了多组学在改善荞麦农艺性状方面的应用，包括产量、营养成分、抗逆性和生物活性化合物的生物合成。虽然泛基因组学与其他组学相结合来挖掘优良基因，但特定农艺性状和生物活性成分生物合成的调控网络和机制，以及开发更高效的基因工程遗传转化系统，对于执行旨在增强荞麦优良性状的育种设计而言，仍需要进一步研究。这篇批判性综述将全面阐述多组学在增强荞麦营养保健功能和改良其性状方面的作用。
