Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Biotechnol Adv. 2020 Mar-Apr;39:107479. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107479. Epub 2019 Nov 9.
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) under the family Polygonaceae is an ancient pseudocereal with stupendous but less studied nutraceutical properties. The gluten free nature of protein, balanced amino acid profile and health promoting bioactive flavonoids make it a golden crop of future. Besides a scanty basic research, not much attention has been paid to the improvement of plant type and breeding of nutraceutical traits. Scanning of scientific literature indicates that adequate genetic variation exists for agronomic and nutritional traits in mainstream and wild gene pool of buckwheat. However, the currently employed conventional approaches together with poorly understood genetic mechanisms restrict effective utilization of the existing genetic variation in nutraceutical breeding of buckwheat. The latest trends in buckwheat genomics, particularly avalilabity of draft genome sequences for both the cultivated species (F. esculentum and F.tataricum) hold immense potential to overcome these limitations. Utilizing the transgenic hairy rot cultures, role of various transcription factors and gene families have been deduced in production and biosynthesis of bioactive flavonoids. Further, the acquisition of high-density genomics data coupled with the next-generation phenotyping will certainly improve our understanding of underlying genetic regulation of nutraceutical traits. The present paper highlights the application of multilayered omics interventions for tailoring a nutrient rich buckwheat cultivar and nutraceutical product development.
荞麦（蓼科荞麦属）是一种古老的伪谷物，具有令人惊叹但研究较少的营养特性。其蛋白质不含麸质，氨基酸组成平衡，具有促进健康的生物活性类黄酮，是未来的黄金作物。除了基础研究不足外，人们对荞麦植物类型的改良和营养特性的培育也关注甚少。对科学文献的扫描表明，在荞麦的主流和野生基因库中，存在足够的遗传变异来实现农艺和营养特性。然而，目前所采用的常规方法以及对遗传机制的理解不足，限制了荞麦营养特性培育中现有遗传变异的有效利用。荞麦基因组学的最新趋势，特别是栽培种（甜荞和苦荞）的草图基因组序列的可用性，为克服这些限制提供了巨大的潜力。利用转基因毛状根培养，已经推断出各种转录因子和基因家族在生物活性类黄酮的产生和生物合成中的作用。此外，获得高密度基因组学数据并结合下一代表型分析，必将提高我们对营养特性潜在遗传调控的理解。本文重点介绍了多层组学干预在培育营养丰富的荞麦品种和开发营养产品方面的应用。
