运动干预对改善老年人群身体机能和生活质量的影响：一项随机对照试验的系统评价。

Effects of physical exercise intervention on improving physical functioning and quality of life among geriatric population: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

机构信息

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.

University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

出版信息

J Pak Med Assoc. 2024 Aug;74(8):1481-1487. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.8289.

DOI:10.47391/JPMA.8289

PMID:39160717

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effectiveness of exercise intervention on elderly population's physical functioning and quality of life.

METHODS

The systematic review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses guidelines, and comprised research on Cochrane Library, PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials published in the English language from January 2012 to December 2021. The trials included comprised individuals of either gender aged ≥60 years who were either community-dwelling elderly or patients living in residential facilities who could walk independently with or without assistive devices. Key words used for the search included age, exercise, physical function, quality of life and cognition. A 10-point scale from the Physiotherapy Evidence Database was used for methodological evaluation.

RESULTS

Of the 1050 studies initially found, 14(1.33%) were analysed in detail. All 14(100%) included multi-component exercise interventions, like aerobic, strength and balance, 4(28.6%) trials included cognition and quality of life as well. Only 1(7.14%) trial showed little or no improvement in terms of quality of life. Of the 2(14.3%) studies that reported the effects of exercise on falls, 1(50%) found positive impact of exercise interventions, while 1(50%) showed no improvement on the risk of fall and psychosocial factors related to fall. Overall, 9(64.3%) trials investigated the effects of exercise training on several aspects of mobility, and showed marked improvement in mobility. Also, 8(57.14%) trials studied the effect of exercise intervention on balance performance, and 1(12.5%) of them showed no effect on balance. Of the 9(64.3%) trials investigating the effects of exercise intervention on muscle strength, 5(55.5%) reported increase in muscle strength.

CONCLUSION

Multi-component exercises were found to have a positive impact on functional and psychosocial health of geriatric population.

摘要

目的

评估运动干预对老年人身体机能和生活质量的影响。

方法

本系统评价符合系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目，并纳入了 2012 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间以英文发表的 Cochrane 图书馆、PubMed、物理治疗证据数据库和 Web of Science 中关于随机对照试验的研究。试验纳入的研究对象为年龄≥60 岁的男性或女性，包括居住在社区或居住在养老院中、能够独立行走且无需辅助设备的老年人。搜索使用的关键词包括年龄、运动、身体功能、生活质量和认知。使用 Physiotherapy Evidence Database 的 10 分制进行方法学评估。

结果

最初发现的 1050 项研究中，有 14 项（1.33%）进行了详细分析。所有 14 项（100%）均包含多成分运动干预，如有氧运动、力量和平衡训练，4 项（28.6%）试验还包括认知和生活质量。仅有 1 项（7.14%）试验显示生活质量几乎没有改善。在 2 项（14.3%）报告运动对跌倒影响的研究中，1 项（50%）发现运动干预有积极影响，而 1 项（50%）显示跌倒风险和与跌倒相关的心理社会因素无改善。总体而言，9 项（64.3%）试验研究了运动训练对移动性的几个方面的影响，显示移动性显著改善。此外，8 项（57.14%）试验研究了运动干预对平衡表现的影响，其中 1 项（12.5%）对平衡无影响。在 9 项（64.3%）研究运动干预对肌肉力量影响的试验中，有 5 项（55.5%）报告肌肉力量增加。