Li Penghui, Ma Xiao, Gu Xinyu
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Aug 5;12:1442193. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1442193. eCollection 2024.
The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in tumors, particularly in gastrointestinal tumors, has gained significant attention. Accumulating evidence underscores the interaction between various lncRNAs and diverse molecular pathways involved in cancer progression. One such pivotal pathway is the PI3K/AKT pathway, which serves as a crucial intracellular mechanism maintaining the balance among various cellular physiological processes for normal cell growth and survival. Frequent dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in cancer, along with aberrant activation, plays a critical role in driving tumorigenesis. LncRNAs modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through diverse mechanisms, primarily by acting as competing endogenous RNA to regulate miRNA expression and associated genes. This interaction significantly influences fundamental biological behaviors such as cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Abnormal expression of numerous lncRNAs in gastrointestinal tumors often correlates with clinical outcomes and pathological features in patients with cancer. Additionally, these lncRNAs influence the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy in multiple types of gastrointestinal tumors through the abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal tumors and potential therapeutic targets. However, gastrointestinal tumors remain a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal tumors over recent decades. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research on the interactions of lncRNA and the PI3K/AKT pathway in gastrointestinal tumor development. Additionally, it focuses on the functions of lncRNAs and the PI3K/AKT pathway in carcinogenesis, exploring expression profiles, clinicopathological characteristics, interaction mechanisms with the PI3K/AKT pathway, and potential clinical applications.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在肿瘤，尤其是胃肠道肿瘤中的作用已受到广泛关注。越来越多的证据强调了各种lncRNA与参与癌症进展的多种分子途径之间的相互作用。其中一个关键途径是PI3K/AKT途径，它是维持各种细胞生理过程平衡以实现正常细胞生长和存活的关键细胞内机制。癌症中PI3K/AKT途径经常失调，伴随异常激活，在驱动肿瘤发生中起关键作用。LncRNAs通过多种机制调节PI3K/AKT信号通路，主要是作为竞争性内源性RNA来调节miRNA表达及相关基因。这种相互作用显著影响细胞增殖、转移和耐药性等基本生物学行为。胃肠道肿瘤中许多lncRNAs的异常表达通常与癌症患者的临床结局和病理特征相关。此外，这些lncRNAs通过PI3K/AKT途径的异常激活影响多种胃肠道肿瘤中肿瘤细胞对化疗的敏感性。这些发现为胃肠道肿瘤的潜在机制和治疗靶点提供了有价值的见解。然而，胃肠道肿瘤仍然是一个重大的全球健康问题，近几十年来胃肠道肿瘤的发病率和死亡率不断上升。本综述全面总结了关于lncRNA与PI3K/AKT途径在胃肠道肿瘤发生过程中相互作用的最新研究。此外，它还聚焦于lncRNAs和PI3K/AKT途径在致癌过程中的功能，探讨其表达谱、临床病理特征、与PI3K/AKT途径的相互作用机制以及潜在的临床应用。
