Oslo Myeloma Center, Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 1;15:1411352. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411352. eCollection 2024.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer marked by plasma cell accumulation in the bone marrow. Despite treatment advancements, MM remains incurable in most patients. MM-associated immune dysregulation fosters disease progression, prompting research into immunotherapy to combat the disease. An area of immunotherapy investigation is the design of myeloma vaccine therapy to reverse tumor-associated immune suppression and elicit tumor-specific immune responses to effectively target MM cells. This article reviews vaccine immunotherapy for MM, categorizing findings by antigen type and delivery method. Antigens include idiotype (Id), tumor-associated (TAA), tumor-specific (TSA), and whole tumor lysate. Myeloma vaccination has so far shown limited clinical efficacy. However, further studies are essential to optimize various aspects, including antigen and patient selection, vaccine timing and sequencing, and rational combinations with emerging MM treatments.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种血液系统癌症，其特征是骨髓中浆细胞积聚。尽管治疗有所进展，但在大多数患者中，MM 仍然无法治愈。与 MM 相关的免疫失调促进了疾病的进展，促使人们研究免疫疗法来对抗这种疾病。免疫疗法研究的一个领域是设计骨髓瘤疫苗疗法，以逆转肿瘤相关的免疫抑制，并引发针对 MM 细胞的肿瘤特异性免疫反应。本文综述了 MM 的疫苗免疫疗法，根据抗原类型和给药方法对研究结果进行分类。抗原包括独特型（Id）、肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）、肿瘤特异性抗原（TSA）和全肿瘤裂解物。骨髓瘤疫苗接种迄今为止显示出有限的临床疗效。然而，为了优化各个方面，包括抗原和患者选择、疫苗时机和顺序以及与新兴的 MM 治疗方法的合理联合，还需要进一步研究。
