Verhasselt Valerie
Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Immunology and Breastfeeding team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Immunol Rev. 2024 Sep;326(1):117-129. doi: 10.1111/imr.13376. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
In this review, we will highlight infants' immune responses to food, emphasizing the unique aspects of early-life immunity and the critical role of breast milk as a food dedicated to infants. Infants are susceptible to inflammatory responses rather than immune tolerance at the mucosal and skin barriers, necessitating strategies to promote oral tolerance that consider this susceptibility. Breast milk provides nutrients for growth and cell metabolism, including immune cells. The content of breast milk, influenced by maternal genetics and environmental exposures, prepares the infant's immune system for the outside world, including solid foods. To do this, breast milk promotes immune system development through antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific immune education by exposing the newborn to food and respiratory allergens and acting on three key targets for food allergy prevention: the gut microbiota, epithelial cells, and immune cells. Building knowledge of how the maternal exposome and human milk composition influence offspring's healthy immune development will lead to recommendations that meet the specific needs of the developing immune system and increase the chances of promoting an appropriate immune response to food in the long term.
在本综述中，我们将重点介绍婴儿对食物的免疫反应，强调早期免疫的独特方面以及母乳作为专供婴儿的食物的关键作用。在黏膜和皮肤屏障处，婴儿易发生炎症反应而非免疫耐受，因此需要制定考虑到这种易感性的促进口服耐受的策略。母乳为生长和细胞代谢提供营养，包括免疫细胞。母乳的成分受母亲基因和环境暴露的影响，为婴儿的免疫系统应对外界，包括固体食物做好准备。为此，母乳通过将新生儿暴露于食物和呼吸道过敏原，并作用于食物过敏预防的三个关键靶点：肠道微生物群、上皮细胞和免疫细胞，通过抗原特异性和非抗原特异性免疫教育来促进免疫系统发育。了解母亲暴露组和母乳成分如何影响后代健康的免疫发育，将有助于提出满足发育中免疫系统特定需求的建议，并增加长期促进对食物产生适当免疫反应的机会。
