van Hooijdonk C F M, Booij J, van de Giessen E, Selten J P, van Amelsvoort T A M J
Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2024;66(6):308-315.
In the future, clinicians might use information about neurobiological processes, obtained through imaging techniques, to guide personalized prevention and intervention strategies for psychosis and related disorders. However, this requires more knowledge about these individuals’ brain function.
To advance the current knowledge on neurobiological processes in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and individuals at increased risk of these disorders.
We conducted a systematic review to address dopaminergic alterations in individuals at increased risk of SSD. Additionally, we acquired PET and MRI scans in patients with SSD and controls to obtain information about neurotransmitters, such as dopamine.
Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity was altered in individuals at increased risk of developing SSD compared to controls. In healthy volunteers, the concentration of neuromelanin, a breakdown product of dopamine, in the substantia nigra was negatively associated with striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. This was not the case for patients with SSD.
We report differences in neurobiological processes and their interrelationships between patients with psychotic and related disorders and controls. This information may help predict psychosis susceptibility and treatment effectiveness in the future. Our findings can therefore contribute to the development of personalized treatments and better counselling of the patient.
未来，临床医生可能会利用通过成像技术获得的神经生物学过程信息，来指导针对精神病及相关疾病的个性化预防和干预策略。然而，这需要更多关于这些个体脑功能的知识。
增进对精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）患者以及这些疾病风险增加个体的神经生物学过程的现有认识。
我们进行了一项系统综述，以探讨SSD风险增加个体的多巴胺能改变。此外，我们对SSD患者和对照组进行了PET和MRI扫描，以获取有关神经递质（如多巴胺）的信息。
与对照组相比，SSD患病风险增加个体的纹状体多巴胺合成能力发生了改变。在健康志愿者中，黑质中多巴胺的分解产物神经黑色素的浓度与纹状体多巴胺合成能力呈负相关。SSD患者则并非如此。
我们报告了精神病及相关疾病患者与对照组在神经生物学过程及其相互关系上的差异。这些信息可能有助于未来预测精神病易感性和治疗效果。因此，我们的研究结果有助于开发个性化治疗方法，并为患者提供更好的咨询服务。
