Hansen Briton J., Thomas Janelle, Torrico Tyler J.
Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine
Marietta Memorial Hospital
Dependent personality disorder describes a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviors with fears of separation. The pattern of dependent behavior typically begins in late adolescence and early adulthood. The submissive behaviors stem from the self-perception of being unable to function adequately without the help of others and intentionally trying to evoke a caregiving response from others. The conceptualization of behavior and its origins dates back to the 5th century BC among ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers. These early philosophers surmised that temperament and personality traits derived from bodily components, such as the four humors described by the Hippocratic school. These concepts of the humoral influences on temperament continued to be utilized well into the 1700s. When personality traits or behaviors become so pervasive they go against cultural norms, causing significant social and functional impairment, they may qualify as a disorder. In 1952, the American Psychiatry Association published the first edition of the (), outlining seven separate personality disorders. The current version of the Fifth Edition, Text Revision () divides personality disorders into Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C. Each cluster encompasses a distinct set of personality disorders with commonalities regarding symptoms, behaviors, and underlying psychological patterns. Cluster A refers to personality disorders with odd or eccentric characteristics. These include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Individuals within this cluster often exhibit social withdrawal, peculiar or paranoid beliefs, and difficulties forming close relationships. Cluster Bcomprises personality disorders with dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors. This cluster includes antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. Individuals within this cluster often display impulsive actions, emotional instability, and challenges in maintaining stable relationships. Cluster C consists of personality disorders with anxious and fearful characteristics. These include avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Individuals within this cluster tend to experience significant anxiety, fear of abandonment, and an excessive need for control or perfectionism. Despite the historical division of personality disorders into clusters, the literature does not consistently validate this approach.
依赖型人格障碍描述的是一种普遍且过度的被照顾需求，这种需求导致顺从和依附行为，并伴有分离恐惧。依赖行为模式通常始于青春期晚期和成年早期。顺从行为源于一种自我认知，即认为没有他人帮助就无法充分发挥功能，并有意试图唤起他人的照顾反应。行为及其起源的概念可追溯到公元前5世纪的中国古代和希腊哲学家。这些早期哲学家推测，气质和人格特质源自身体成分，如希波克拉底学派所描述的四种体液。体液对气质影响的这些概念一直被沿用至18世纪。当人格特质或行为变得如此普遍，以至于违背文化规范，造成重大的社会和功能损害时，它们可能符合一种障碍的标准。1952年，美国精神病学协会出版了第一版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》，概述了七种不同的人格障碍。当前的第五版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第五版），修订本》将人格障碍分为A组、B组和C组。每个组包含一组独特的人格障碍，在症状、行为和潜在心理模式方面具有共性。A组指具有古怪或怪异特征的人格障碍。这些包括偏执型人格障碍、分裂样人格障碍和分裂型人格障碍。该组中的个体通常表现出社交退缩、奇特或偏执的信念以及建立亲密关系的困难。B组包括具有戏剧性、情绪化或行为不稳定特征的人格障碍。该组包括反社会人格障碍、边缘型人格障碍、表演型人格障碍和自恋型人格障碍。该组中的个体通常表现出冲动行为、情绪不稳定以及维持稳定关系方面的挑战。C组由具有焦虑和恐惧特征的人格障碍组成。这些包括回避型人格障碍、依赖型人格障碍和强迫型人格障碍。该组中的个体往往会经历严重的焦虑、被抛弃恐惧以及对控制或完美主义的过度需求。尽管人格障碍在历史上被分为不同组，但文献并未始终如一地验证这种方法。
