Strawberry fruits are popular all over the world due to their rich organoleptic properties and enormous health benefits. However, it is highly susceptible to postharvest spoilage due to various factors, including moisture loss, nutrient oxidation, and microbial spoilage. Recently, various researchers have studied the effect of chitosan-based flexible films and surface coatings on the shelf life of strawberries. Despite various reviews providing general information on the effects of chitosan-based films and coatings on various food products, no review has focused solely on their effects on postharvest preservation and the shelf life of strawberries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current research on chitosan-based formulations for extending the shelf life of strawberries. Chitosan, a cationic carbohydrate polymer, possesses excellent properties such as film formation, mechanical strength, non-toxicity, biodegradability, edibility, UV-blocking ability, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial functionality, justifying its potential as packaging/coating material for fresh agricultural products, including strawberries. This review covers the various factors responsible for strawberry spoilage and the properties of chitosan that help counteract these factors. Additionally, the advantages of chitosan-based preservation technology compared to existing strawberry preservation methods were explained, efficiency was evaluated, and future research directions were suggested.