Yan Chongnan, Jin Guoxin, Li Lei
Department of Spine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
Spine Deform. 2025 Jan;13(1):7-18. doi: 10.1007/s43390-024-00941-9. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Spinal scoliosis, a prevalent spinal deformity impacting both physical and mental well-being, has a significant genetic component, though the exact pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of current research on embryonic spinal development, focusing on the genetic and biological intricacies governing axial elongation and straightening. Zebrafish, a vital model in developmental biology, takes a prominent role in understanding spinal scoliosis. Insights from zebrafish studies illustrate genetic and physiological aspects, including notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, revealing the anomalies contributing to scoliosis. In this review, we acknowledge existing challenges, such as deciphering the unique dynamics of human spinal development, variations in physiological curvature, and disparities in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Further, we emphasize the need for caution when extrapolating findings to humans and for future research to bridge current knowledge gaps. We hope that this review will be a beneficial frame of reference for the guidance of future studies on animal models and genetic research for spinal scoliosis.
脊柱侧弯是一种常见的脊柱畸形，会影响身心健康，它具有重要的遗传成分，尽管确切的致病机制仍不清楚。本综述全面探讨了当前关于胚胎脊柱发育的研究，重点关注控制轴向伸长和伸直的遗传和生物学复杂性。斑马鱼是发育生物学中的重要模型，在理解脊柱侧弯方面发挥着重要作用。斑马鱼研究的见解阐明了遗传和生理方面，包括脊索发育和脑脊液动力学，揭示了导致脊柱侧弯的异常情况。在本综述中，我们认识到现有挑战，如解读人类脊柱发育的独特动态、生理曲率的变化以及脑脊液循环的差异。此外，我们强调在将研究结果外推至人类时需要谨慎，以及未来研究弥合当前知识差距的必要性。我们希望本综述将成为指导未来脊柱侧弯动物模型研究和基因研究的有益参考框架。
