Stress and Health Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Primary Health Care Center, Congrés, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.
Women Health. 2024 Sep;64(8):626-635. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2024.2392134. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
This scoping review aims to identify and synthesize the available literature describing the use of the gender approach in research and nursing clinical practice related to hypertension. The review was conducted following the scoping review framework recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. Elements related to content were chosen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Data were extracted using a predesigned table and were presented narratively after the content analysis. The PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, ScienceDirect and ERIC databases were consulted between March 2022 and June 2024. Reference lists from all sources and gray literature were also reviewed to identify additional publications. A total of 18 studies were finally included in this scoping review. Most of the studies (83 percent) represent gender as a biological variable (sex), and only a few of them (22 percent) analyzed psychological or social differences. In addition, several studies include unequal representations of each sex, most of them use the terms "sex" and "gender" as incorrect or interchangeable, which makes it difficult to evaluate the results from a gender perspective. There is still a substantial gap in the literature related to nurses' intervention with a gender approach in patients with hypertension. Future studies should focus on improving health interventions by considering gender to improve equality and efficiency in health outcomes associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.
这篇范围界定综述旨在确定并综合现有文献，描述在与高血压相关的研究和护理临床实践中应用性别方法的情况。综述按照 Arksey 和 O'Malley 推荐的范围界定综述框架进行。内容相关的元素按照系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR）进行选择。使用预先设计的表格提取数据，并在内容分析后进行叙述性呈现。2022 年 3 月至 2024 年 6 月，我们查阅了 PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、PsycINFO、Cochrane、Scopus、ScienceDirect 和 ERIC 数据库。还查阅了所有来源的参考文献列表和灰色文献，以确定其他出版物。最终，这项范围界定综述共纳入了 18 项研究。大多数研究（83%）将性别视为生物变量（性别），只有少数研究（22%）分析了心理或社会差异。此外，有几项研究包含了每个性别的不均衡代表性，其中大多数使用“性别”和“性别”作为不正确或可互换的术语，这使得难以从性别角度评估结果。与护士在高血压患者中采用性别方法进行干预相关的文献仍然存在很大差距。未来的研究应侧重于通过考虑性别来改善健康干预措施，以提高与高血压和其他心血管危险因素相关的健康结果的平等性和效率。
