Fukuyama Hiroshi, Maeo Sumiaki, Kusagawa Yuki, Sugiyama Takashi, Kanehisa Hiroaki, Isaka Tadao
Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
J Dance Med Sci. 2025 Jun;29(2):91-97. doi: 10.1177/1089313X241273887. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
In classic ballet, choreography often involves tiptoe standing. Tiptoe standing requires a high and stable foot arch structure, which is achieved by contraction of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs). Long-term repetitive loading with a specific movement can induce hypertrophic adaptation of the associated muscles. For dancers, however, limited information on the size of individual PIFMs is available from previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the sizes of 10 individual PIFMs between dancers and non-dancers.
Muscle volumes (MVs) of 10 individual PIFMs were measured using magnetic resonance imaging in 15 female dancers and 15 female non-dancers. Muscles analyzed included abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis oblique head, adductor hallucis transverse head, flexor digiti minimi, plantar/dorsal interossei. In addition to absolute MVs, relative MVs normalized to body mass (rMV) and the percentage of individual MVs relative to the sum of 10 individual PIFM MVs (%MV) were calculated.
The absolute MVs of 6 individual PIFMs, including the flexor digitorum brevis and lumbricals, were +16% to 59% larger in dancers than in non-dancers (P ≤ .048). The rMV of all individual PIFMs were +35% to 95% larger in dancers than in non-dancers (P ≤ .019). The %MV of the flexor digitorum brevis and lumbricals were +10% to 36% higher (P ≤ .014) and those of the abductor digiti minimi and adductor hallucis oblique head were +8% to 11% lower (P ≤ .037) in dancers than in non-dancers.
For all 3 MV measures, only the flexor digitorum brevis and lumbricals, which are functionally specialized for flexion of the second to fifth metatarsophalangeal joints, were consistently larger in dancers than in non-dancers. This may be due to long-term repetitive loading on these PIFMs during ballet training involving tiptoe standing.
在古典芭蕾中，编排舞蹈动作常常涉及踮立。踮立需要高且稳定的足弓结构，这是通过足底固有足部肌肉（PIFMs）的收缩来实现的。长期重复进行特定动作的负荷会诱导相关肌肉的肥大适应性变化。然而，对于舞者而言，以往研究中关于个体PIFMs大小的信息有限。本研究的目的是确定舞者与非舞者之间10块个体PIFMs大小的差异。
使用磁共振成像测量了15名女性舞者和15名女性非舞者的10块个体PIFMs的肌肉体积（MVs）。分析的肌肉包括拇展肌、趾短屈肌、小趾展肌、跖方肌、蚓状肌、拇短屈肌、拇收肌斜头、拇收肌横头、小趾短屈肌、跖/背侧骨间肌。除了绝对MVs外，还计算了归一化到体重的相对MVs（rMV）以及个体MVs相对于10块个体PIFM MVs总和的百分比（%MV）。
包括趾短屈肌和蚓状肌在内的6块个体PIFMs的绝对MVs，舞者比非舞者大16%至59%（P≤0.048）。所有个体PIFMs的rMV，舞者比非舞者大35%至95%（P≤0.019）。舞者的趾短屈肌和蚓状肌的%MV比非舞者高10%至36%（P≤0.014），而小趾展肌和拇收肌斜头的%MV比非舞者低8%至11%（P≤0.037）。
对于所有三种MV测量方法，只有功能上专门用于第二至第五跖趾关节屈曲的趾短屈肌和蚓状肌，舞者始终比非舞者更大。这可能是由于在涉及踮立的芭蕾训练期间，这些PIFMs长期承受重复负荷所致。
