Esponda P
Cornell University Medical College, New York, N.Y.
Revis Biol Celular. 1985;6:1-99.
This is a summarizing review about some aspects of the morphogenesis and characteristics of mammalian spermatozoon. The morphology, biogenesis and function of the different spermatozoon structures are analysed, as well as different aspects, like immunology and endocrine control. Comparative morphology, fate and function of the male gamete during its passage through the epididymis and female tract are commented. The fact, that the phenomenon of spermiogenesis continues with the maturative changes in the epididymis, and that modifications occur in the female genital tract is put forward; this idea seems to be basic for understanding the role of many spermatozoon structures, as well as many biochemical and molecular changes that take place in the gamete. On the other hand, all these changes (spermiogenesis, maturation, capacitation and acrosomal reaction in the female tract), as well as the interaction sperm/egg are sequentially dependent, and are focussed on the sperming capacity of reaching and fertilizing the egg. Many gaps exist in regard to the functional role of different spermatozoon structures, and three important questions are emphasized with a view to solving these problems: a) The importance of the comparative analysis of spermatozoon and egg structures in different mammalian species. b) The necessity to develop ample studies using in vivo situations, particularly in reference to the changes occurred in the female tract. In this regard, the majority of studies have been developed in the in vitro situation, which is very different from the natural environment. c) The importance of using and compiling the different data (morphological, biochemical, molecular, etc.) about spermiogenesis, spermatozoon and fertilization. In the future, the use of new technologies appears as a promising idea to clarify doubts about spermatozoa biogenesis and function in mammals.
这是一篇关于哺乳动物精子形态发生及特征某些方面的综述。分析了不同精子结构的形态、生物发生和功能，以及免疫学和内分泌控制等不同方面。评论了雄配子在通过附睾和雌性生殖道过程中的比较形态、命运和功能。提出精子发生现象会随着附睾中的成熟变化持续进行，且在雌性生殖道中会发生改变；这一观点似乎是理解许多精子结构的作用以及配子中发生的许多生化和分子变化的基础。另一方面，所有这些变化（精子发生、成熟、获能和雌性生殖道中的顶体反应）以及精卵相互作用都是依次依赖的，并且都聚焦于精子到达卵子并使其受精的能力。关于不同精子结构的功能作用仍存在许多空白，为解决这些问题强调了三个重要问题：a）不同哺乳动物物种精子和卵子结构比较分析的重要性。b）开展大量体内研究的必要性，特别是关于雌性生殖道中发生的变化。在这方面，大多数研究是在体外进行的，这与自然环境有很大不同。c）使用和汇总关于精子发生、精子和受精的不同数据（形态学、生物化学、分子等）的重要性。未来，使用新技术似乎是澄清哺乳动物精子生物发生和功能疑问的一个有前景的想法。
