Promoted electrochemical performance by MOF on MOF composite catalyst of microbial fuel cell: CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8 and the comparison between two-step hydrothermal method and dual-solution method.

The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that simultaneously achieves electricity generation and sewage degradation. In this study, a novel cathode catalyst metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been fabricated by two-step hydrothermal and dual-solution method (CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8). The synthesized trimetal MOFs exhibited a 3D badminton-like structure morphology and porosity. The results of the characterizations showed that CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8 possesses greater surface area porosity and novel functional groups. The Trimetal MOF-on-MOF mode not only demonstrated the stability of the structure but also enhanced its mechanism. Molecular mechanism analysis revealed changes in the organic ligand and metal binding site due to the transformation of Cu to Cu, Co to Co, and Zn-N to Zn-O organic connection. Furthermore, differences between the two fabrication methods were compared. The solid-state single preparation (CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8-1), was synthesized using the two-step hydrothermal method; the liquid mixed preparation material (CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8-2), was synthesized using the dual-solution method; they exhibited completely different chemical structures and morphologies during material testing and characterization. The maximum output power density of CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8-2-MFC was 246.38 mW/m, about 2.49 times of ZIF-8 (98.72 mW/m). The output voltage of CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8-1-MFC was measured at 357 mV over 10 d, while that of CuCo-MOF@ZIF-8-2-MFC reached 365 mV over 12 d.