Yan'an People's Hospital, Shanxi Province, 716000, PR China.
Graduate Division of Xi'an Medical University, Shanxi Province, 710021, PR China.
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2024 Oct;48(8):102450. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102450. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases, such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholelithiasis, and pancreatitis, are major global health challenges. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee intake are commonly studied for their health impacts. However, observational studies often face issues with confounding factors and reverse causality, making it difficult to establish causal relationships.
This research uses Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effects of smoking, alcohol use, and coffee intake on 10 hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Genetic data from the Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use (GSCAN) and self-reported GWAS were used to derive instrumental variables (IVs). The outcomes were obtained from the FinnGen and UK Biobank cohorts. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to assess the associations.
Genetic predisposition to tobacco use was associated with increased risks of acute pancreatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, gallstones, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Alcohol consumption was linked to acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatic cancer, and cholangitis. Coffee intake showed minimal associations, with a slight protective effect against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
This study confirms the harmful effects of inhaling tobacco and consuming alcohol on hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. It highlights the need for public health strategies to reduce tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption. Coffee intake showed minimal effects, suggesting further research is needed to understand its relationship with hepatobiliary health.
肝胆胰疾病，如肝硬化、肝癌、胆石症和胰腺炎，是全球性的重大健康挑战。生活方式因素，如吸烟、饮酒和咖啡摄入，常被研究其对健康的影响。然而，观察性研究常常面临混杂因素和反向因果关系的问题，难以确定因果关系。
本研究使用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法研究吸烟、饮酒和咖啡摄入对 10 种肝胆胰疾病的因果影响。使用来自酒精和尼古丁使用测序联盟（GSCAN）的遗传数据和自我报告的 GWAS 来推导工具变量（IVs）。结果来自 FinnGen 和 UK Biobank 队列。进行单变量和多变量 MR 分析以评估关联。
遗传易感性与烟草使用与急性胰腺炎、酒精性肝炎、慢性胰腺炎、肝硬化、胆石症、肝癌和胰腺癌的风险增加有关。饮酒与急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、酒精性肝病、肝癌和胆管炎有关。咖啡摄入关联很小，对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎有轻微的保护作用。
本研究证实了吸烟和饮酒对肝胆胰疾病的有害影响。它强调了需要采取公共卫生策略来减少烟草使用和大量饮酒。咖啡摄入关联很小，表明需要进一步研究以了解其与肝胆健康的关系。
