Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2024 Oct;64(4):107308. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107308. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
The incidence of secondary bacterial infections has increased in recent decades owing to various viral pandemics. These infections further increase the morbidity and mortality rates associated with viral infections and remain a significant challenge in clinical practice. Intensive antibiotic therapy has mitigated the threat of such infections; however, overuse and misuse of antibiotics have resulted in poor outcomes, such as inducing the emergence of bacterial populations with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and reducing the therapeutic options for this crisis. Several antibiotic substitutes have been suggested and employed; however, they have certain limitations and novel alternatives are urgently required. This review highlights host immunomodulation as a promising strategy against secondary bacterial infections to overcome AMR. The definition and risk factors of secondary bacterial infections, features and limitations of currently available therapeutic strategies, host immune responses, and future perspectives for treating such infections are discussed.
近年来，由于各种病毒大流行，继发细菌性感染的发病率有所增加。这些感染进一步增加了与病毒感染相关的发病率和死亡率，并且仍然是临床实践中的重大挑战。强化抗生素治疗减轻了此类感染的威胁；但是，抗生素的过度使用和误用导致了不良后果，例如导致具有抗微生物耐药性（AMR）的细菌种群的出现，并减少了应对这种危机的治疗选择。已经提出并采用了几种抗生素替代品；但是，它们具有一定的局限性，迫切需要新的替代品。这篇综述强调了宿主免疫调节作为一种有前途的策略来对抗继发细菌性感染以克服 AMR。讨论了继发细菌性感染的定义和危险因素、现有治疗策略的特征和局限性、宿主免疫反应以及治疗此类感染的未来展望。
