Lived experience of driving in individuals with functional neurological disorder.

BACKGROUND

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common neurological diagnosis that encapsulates a range of incapacitating clinical presentations. These include functional seizures, movement disorders, and sensory disturbances. Safe driving requires both cognitive skills and physical abilities, which may be impacted by FND symptoms. The primary objective of this study was to gain deeper insights into the challenges faced by people with FND when driving.

METHODS

A qualitative study and interpretative phenomenological analysis were conducted. Individuals experiencing functional seizures and/or movement disorders completed both questionnaires and semi-structured interviews about FND symptoms, driving behavior, and crashes.

RESULTS

A total of 26 patients with FND participated in this study. Based on the interviews, four key themes were identified: (1) driving difficulties experienced by individuals with FND; (2) strategies utilized by people with FND to overcome difficulties experienced while driving; (3) barriers preventing driving challenges being addressed in this population; and (4) crashes and perceived dangerous driving events experienced by individuals with FND. All participants reported that driving a car provoked FND symptoms and this affected their driving ability. FND sufferers reported using a number of strategies such as limiting how far they drive and relying on advanced driver assistance system features to help manage their associated symptoms, such as fatigue and/or pain. Several participants reported crashes and perceived dangerous driving events since developing FND.

CONCLUSION

Individuals experiencing FND often employ self-regulation techniques, yet the extent to which these methods enhance driving safety remains uncertain. The variable nature of the disorder makes judging an individual's driving risk particularly difficult. The themes emerging from the interviews highlighted the need for further empirical research to inform guidelines and best practice when determining the impact of FND on an individual's driving safety .